418 Reporr oF THE HorTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
ences as to the degree of cold that will injure different varieties 
of a fruit at this stage of development. | 
TABLE ].— TEMPERATURES WHICH INJURE SETTING OF FRUITS. 


In 
setting 
: In 
| FRUIT. 'In bud. 
blossom. fae 


AMON ASS asd gtheeesitreeieiae eae oh PEs Aik: ct dota ue eee 28 30 30 
ADDICTS Matec Saree cw See ee nara tele OSE Gis a mnce as eta tera ts 27 29 30 
A Dricots tits Ss Bicsesuss SL Ck «losis, ail eee eee nie 30 31 Bye 
Grapestr Sate See ice On we oe ea carers eens teticae 31 31 30 
IPGaches. ate: wc eerste: Se reek ee ae eee 29 30 30 
Pear ee ioe ice ate tea Mimtoler ale ater Core oe ce Tete 28 29 29 
UD eho eh re een AMER ey ein 85 Fly's Heo eGo BR Or 30 31 31 
StTAWDETTIES: .ifo's 21s Gets wt tener un erratic ian ier emee atone 28 28 28. 
Raspberries. otictu.s cuss cacieberein « ctiene aero es chariot aiene 28 28 28 
BlackKberriesmeton vice crc ee eect eiloloia ere hee cle here eine 28 28 28 

A point well brought out in some of the discussions which 
followed the presentation of the reports quoted was that frost 
injury may be of all degrees, both as to the number of blossoms 
killed and as to the effects on individual blossoms. It does not 
appear from these discussions, however, or from any informa- 
tion which the writer can obtain, that one can distinguish exactly 
the degree of injury suffered by a blossom; nor even tell in all 
cases very accurately the percentages of buds that are killed out- 
right; though withered, blackened reproductive organs —more 
especially the pistil — usually indicate that the viability of the blos- 
som is destroyed. The loss from light frosts in most cases has 
been very greatly overestimated. 
In examining the records of killing frosts for this region, one 
is struck with the number of times that such frosts, or, at least 
considerable falls in temperature, occur in the first week in June. 
The cause of this relapse in temperature, and of its somewhat 
regular occurrence, has not, to the writer’s knowledge, been ex- 
plained. In the colder portion of the State where fruit growing is 
carried on at a risk, owing to spring frosts, this week in June is 
the most dangerous period of the season. It corresponds to the 
“Fismanner ” (ice-men) days of Germany, so-called because on 
the rath, 13th and 14th days of May, dates on which Pancratius, 
Servatius, and Bonifacius are honored, there usually occur abnor- 
mally cold nights which often do incalculable damage to fruits and 
tender vegetation. 
