402 Report oF THE ENTOMOLOGISTS OF THE 
They usually feed upon the under side of the leaves until half 
grown. When through feeding they crawl away and change to 
chrysalids, in which~condition they remain for about 12 days, 
then issue as adult butterflies. The worms from the first eggs to 
hatch are nearly through feeding by the time the parent butterfly 
is through laying eggs. Hence butterflies of the third brood often 
appear before those of the second brood have disappeared. This 
makes it impossible to say definitely how many broods occur on 
Long Island, Undoubtedly there are more broods one year than 
another, depending on an early spring and a late fall. | 
In spite of weather conditions, parasites and enemies, there are 
generally myriads of these pests the latter part of September and 
during October. In addition to the plants named as furnishing 
food for the first brood of worms, the broods appearing the last 
half of the summer feed upon cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, ruta- 
bagas, mignonette, nasturtiums and a few other plants. The dis- 
tribution of the spring food plants combined with the work of the 
enemies and parasites of the cabbage worm often produces local 
distributien of the spring brood of worms. Frequently in the 
spring the butterflies will be seen very thick over a section vary- 
ing from a few miles to 10 miles square; while a mile from this 
section only occasionally a lone specimen will be seen flying. 
This local distribution often extends well into the fall. As a re- 
sult the farmers in some sections see very little of their work and 
adopt no means of fighting them. At the same time farmers in 
other sections may be doing their best to get rid of them, with 
the final outcome that enough survive each year, if evenly dis- 
tributed, to stock the whole country. 
CABBAGE LOOPER. 
(Plusia brassicae. ) 
In Bulletin No. 83 (December, 1894,) it was stated that with- 
out exception the cabbage worm was the worst cabbage pest that 
market gardeners have to contend with. This statement must at 
