New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 291 
deep root-system, and mulching are good preventives. Ben 
Davis grafted on a hardy variety is said always to have re- 
mained healthy “while root-grafted trees perished.” 
A. D. Selby’ discusses a severe case of winter-injury of an 
8 or 10-year-old orchard of Baldwins, and with less injury to 
Grimes. <A separation of bark occurred at the crown of the 
trees, but mostly on the south or southwest sides. Burrill’s 
explanations and recommendations are given as preventives, 
with the additional advice of avoiding late cuitivation. In 
Bulletin 121 of the same station he gives further observations 
stating that Grimes, King and some other varieties were se- 
verely affected. The injuries seemed to occur on any or all 
sides of trees, but mostly on the south and southwest. It is 
implied that fungi may be the cause. 
Stewart, Rolfs and Hall® record a case of King disease or 
Crown-rot, and attribute it to winter-injury. A row of Bald- 
wins near the center of an orchard was much affected. Various 
sized areas of bare wood occurred at the base of trunks. The 
bark was said to have loosened two years previous and normal 
callus ridges bounded the wounds. In a few cases only narrow 
strips of living bark bridged the girdled crown. 
What, no doubt, is the same disease, is reported in the same 
bulletin, on apricots. In one orchard where gaps, which had 
been caused by a collar-rot, had been filled with trees on 
various stocks without success, the injury seemed to begin at 
the union (just under the ground), above which a dead girdle 
of cortex several inches wide was produced, and often ended in 
a sharp line at the living stock. It is stated that the disease 
was possibly “ brought about by the combined effect of uncon- 
genial soil, uncongenial climate and imperfect union.” Two 
other orchards were found to have affected apricot trees with 
dead areas of bark from the ground upward, much like a case 
* Some diseases of orchard and garden fruits. Ohio Agrl. Expt. Sta, Bul, 
79, pp. 135-6.' 1897. Bul. 121. A condensed handbook of the diseases of 
cultivated plants in Ohio, 1900. 
‘A fruit-disease survey of Western New York in 1900. N. Y. Agrl. Expt. 
Stat. Bul. 191, pp. 302-3. 1900. 
