New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, 295 
is concluded that the relative maturity of tissues, rather than 
constiutional hardiness, determines the resistance to low tem- 
perature. But it is admitted that with some plants immunity 
is a constitutional matter. It is therefore important that sorts 
be used which mature early. Planting on high ground and 
using a cover crop may induce earliness. 
W. Paddock® has also published some observations on a case 
of apple tree root-rot. It is thought that the weakening of trees 
by such agencies as excessive irrigation, winter freezing and 
woolly aphis enable root-rotting fungi to injure and decay 
roots. Cultivation, cover crops and less irrigation are recom- 
mended. 
Some interesting observations on winter-injury are recorded 
by G. P. Clinton’ in the Connecticut Experiment Station 
Reports. In the Report of 1908 good examples of Crown-rot 
as well as other types of winter-injury are described.— The 
mild fall of 1902 was followed by zero (F.) weather on De- 
cember 9. In nurseries or young orchards receiving late culti- 
vation, the injury was mostly to the wood, the cortex remaining: 
unharmed. Several injured, transplanted trees died during . 
the following spring or summer, but when left in the nursery, 
cut back and banked, they were often saved. 
Orchard trees four to eight years old generally developed 
dead areas in the bark, usually at the base of the tree and 
most commonly on the north side. In some cases the crown 
was completely girdled. Even much injured trees leaved out 
normally in the spring, but in July the leaves began to drop. 
Though a fungus was found in the canker-like spots, it was 
considered secondary. 
In the next report, the injuries caused by the severe winter 
of 1903-04 are described. The affected trees became evident 
again during the summer in young orchards and nurseries by 
severe injury to the wood down to the snow line or ground. 
°Colo. Agr]. Expt. Sta. Bul. 69, pp. 4-6. 1902. : 
Conn. Agrl. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpts. 1903, pp. 303-4; 1904, pp. 312-13; 
1906, pp. 310-11; 1908, pp. 879-90. 
