298 REPoRT OF THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
tilization, pruning and spraying are advised as rejuvenating 
measures. 
“Winter killing of peach trees” is also discussed at some 
length by Green and Ballou.* Various factors are enumer- 
ated which were said to reduce the vitality of trees so as to 
make them more susceptible to winter injury. An instance is 
cited where an orchardist banked some of his trees with barn- 
yard manure and soil in the autumn preceding a severe winter. 
The unprotected trees in the same orchard “ died almost to a 
tree”? while the banked ones came through the winter unin- 
jured. The orchard was on very stony and dry land. 
A case of “ Fruit trees frozen in 1904” is recorded by M. B. 
Waite,” in a Bureau of Plant Industry bulletin. Peach 
orchards in low, flat regions were much injured. Trees most 
severely affected had the bark of their trunks completely killed 
and often separated from the much-browned wood. However, 
about half the trees in the affected orchards were less injured. 
In these cases the snow-line region of trunks had browned wood 
and sometimes loosened bark with living cambium and dead 
young wood cells just within it. The fruit buds were found 
more resistant than the young wood and the cambium and 
leaf buds more than any other part of the trees. Trees one to 
three years old were said to be less affected than bearing ones, 
though nursery trees were found killed to the snow line. It 
is advised that peach trees with the bark injured only near 
the snow line, even when partially loosened, be moderately 
pruned, well cultivated and fertilized to save them. 
Pear orchards are also severely affected, but a pear tree’s 
power of recovery is said to be slight compared to the peach; 
though the bark may seem but little injured, when the wood 
is browned the trees are thought to be unable to recover. It 
is suggested to cut them off at the snow line and grow sprouts 
from the stumps. 
“Ohio Agrl. Expt. Sta. Bul. 157. 
U.S. Dept. Agr., B. P. Ti Bul Slap, 1-10: 
