New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 299 
Later in the same year H. J. Eustace’® described some cases 
of “ Winter injury to fruit trees.” The injury caused by the 
winter of 1903-04 was said to be due to the early summer 
drought and heavy, late autumn rains of 1903 combined with 
fungus and insect injuries. The cambium layer is considered 
the part of trees first injured or killed, and dessication through 
freezing the primary cause. Though it was not seen externally 
that peach trees were injured, both bark and wood of trunks 
were browned, especially just above the snow line. It is said 
that some peach and pear trees, having much discolored bark 
and wood from the snow line up into the branches, made a 
very good growth during the summer and produced fruit the 
second season. The older peach trees were much more severely 
injured than the young ones and made a less rapid recovery. 
Trees in low places were often entirely ruined while those on 
some heights bore fruit. But varieties were found to differ in 
their resistance to cold. Four varieties in one orchard of 730 
trees had the following relative hardiness: Stevens Rareripe 
produced a fair crop; Bray, some fruit; Elberta, a few fruits; 
and Reeves Favorite, no fruit. The trees in a one-year-old 
orchard of Baldwins and Rhode Island Greenings were killed 
back to within three feet of the ground, while Ben Davis seemed 
uninjured.—A Kieffer pear orchard is cited where “the bark 
and wood were discolored black all through ” in March, but 
which produced a fair crop. Some much-injured, old pear and 
peach trees were severely cut back in April: practically all 
died, while those left unpruned came through better and those 
moderately pruned best. But cutting back seemed to help 
young trees. 
Selby’? gives extensive observations on a case of winter 
injury “to orchard trees and shrubby” in which mostly the 
aerial parts seemed to have been affected. The rather cool, yet 
weather during the early-summer of 1906, followed by the 
%*N. Y. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bul. 269. sf 
all and early winter injuries to orchard trees and shrubbery by freez- 
ing. Ohio Agr]. Expt. Sta. Bul. 192. 1908. 
