308 REPORT OF THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
After three days considerable arsenic had gone into solution. 
A repetition of the experiment, using 1 gm. of common salt, 
gave similar results. Lime arsenite was also found soluble to 
a high degree. It seemed therefore that the presence of lime 
sulphate in the soil would not prevent arsenic going into solu- 
tion. Though lead was found present in the injured trees 
lime arsenite is thought to have been the probable cause of the 
trouble. Both arsenic and lime were found present in exuded 
sap of injured trees and it is held that both had been injurious 
to the trees. 
SOME ORCHARDS STUDIED DURING THIS AUTUMN. 
Introduction.— Perhaps about half a dozen orchards were 
studied more or less during the present autumn to obtain some 
information regarding Crown-rot. Sod orchards were gener- 
ally found but little affected by either this trouble or by other 
cankers, while all cultivated orchards visited were considerably 
marked by Crown-rot scars, though often but slightly by ordi- 
nary cankers. Cultivated orchards on thin, stony land seem 
more injured than those on deep, rich soil and are decidedly 
less able to recover. On deep, rich soil one often finds old 
apple trees with Crown-rot wounds which are surrounded by 
8-14-year-old callus rolls. On thin, stony land all severely 
injured trees seem unable to recover, dying in a few months or 
years. Cankers or crown-injuries in any affected orchard seem 
to date back to some one or more seasons. Often 2 to 14 years 
appeared to elapse between the occurrence of injuries. 
Mushrooms, such as Pleurotus and others, were sometimes 
found about affected crowns and roots, and fungi like Cyto- 
spora and Spheropsis were common on canker-like upward 
extensions of Crown-rot. However, on the older, recovered 
trees having callus rolls around old injuries, bark fungi were 
absent. 
Sodus orchard.—An apple orchard of twelve to fourteen-year- 
old trees was visited near Sodus, N. Y., Oct. 2, and found 
