New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 309 
affected with Crown-rot. One section of this orchard consisted 
of 120 Ben Davis, another of 60 trees, 50 of which were Ben 
Davis. Only the Ben Davis were affected by the Crown-rot, 
though in another part of the orchard a few older trees of 
other varieties had old, callus-margined wounds about their 
crowns. The orchard is on rolling and somewhat thin, gravelly 
soil. The Ben Davis orchard was in sod until 1905, when it 
was planted in corn. On account of the cold, wet spring, 
cultivation was continued till August. The orchard was tilled 
from 1905 to 1908 and then allowed to develop a red-top sod. 
No spraying of any kind had been done. Nineteen of the 170 
Ben Davis trees were more or less visibly affected, six of which 
were practically killed and taken out, i. e., about 11 per ct. of 
the trees were injured or killed. 
The affected Ben Davis trees could generally be located by 
their yellowish foliage and sometimes by their wilting fruits. 
Such trees were found to have wounds at their crowns or 
about the upper end of the stock. The injuries often consisted 
of long, narrow, dead regions with more or less decayed bark, 
surrounded by thin, irregular callus ridges of about two or 
three years’ growth. Some trees had only one to three wounds 
around their crowns, ranging from one-half to three inches 
wide and from two to five inches long, while others were en- 
tirely girdled (as may be seen frem plates XV and XVI). In 
some instances portions of bark above the crown wounds seem 
to have died during this summer. The small wounds were 
usually about the upper angles of roots. In case of completely 
girdled trees all lateral roots in the girdle were dead and 
decorticated. One tree with a broad band of decaying cortex 
had a large lateral root near the surface of the ground, seem- 
ingly from the scion, which was partly living. (See Plate . 
XVI.) The roots below the girdles, about the terminal end of 
the stock, were usually still unaffected. 
Longitudinal and cross sections of the crowns of four se- 
verely affected trees differed much in appearance. Some had 
