. New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 6503 
represented; in twelve, Riparia and Labrusca; in eight, three 
species, Riparia, Labrusca and Vinifera; while in one Manito, 
there are five. Further analysis shows the relative importance 
of each species in breeding and the extent to which it has been 
used as a parent. Out of the 161 varieties, Labrusca blood is 
found in 156, Vinifera in 104, Riparia in 27, Bourquiniana in 
25, Aestivalis in 15, Lincecumii in 10, Rupestris in 5. While 
in a number of varieties the immediate parents are unknown 
and identification is made possible only by the “ear marks” 
shown by vine and fruit characters of the different species, in 
others the parentage has been carefully and accurately recorded 
by the breeder. In either case the significance of species in 
crosses and hybrids, with their characteristics, and incident 
strength or weakness, is worthy of brief mention. 
Vitis aestivalis. The natural habitat of Aestivalis is from 
New York and New Hampshire south to Florida and westward 
to Kansas and Texas. It is vigorous in growth, with slightly 
pubescent, medium to rather thick canes, with heavy bloom; 
tendrils intermittent; leaves usually small, entire, three and 
five-lobed, bluish underneath; berries are small to medium, blue 
or black, tart and spicy, rich in coloring matter. Aestivalis is 
primarily a southern species, hardy, resistant to insects and 
fungi, endures drought well, and in the wild is adaptable to a 
wide range of conditions. It has been little used in breeding, 
ripens late, and has little promise horticulturally for the North. 
Vitis bourquiniana.—Bourquiniana is Supposed to be of 
hybrid origin; its natural habitat and consequently its wild 
form have not yet been found. It differs from Aestivalis in 
having thinner leaves, slightly reddish-brown shoots and under 
side of leaves, larger and sweeter berries and more deeply lobed 
leaves. Bourquiniana is represented by a number of southern 
varieties, Delaware being the only important northern variety 
supposed to have a portion of its blood. It promises to be of 
more value for the south than the north. 
Vitis labrusca.— This species is indigenous to the Atlantic 
coast plain from Maine to Georgia. Wild vines have also been 
