526 Report OF THE HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
ORCHARD MANAGEMENT.* 
U. P. HEDRICK. 
The management of an orchard is not a matter to be settled 
by one man for another. To do so is quite as impossible as it 
is to tell a man how to manage a business enterprise, a clergy- 
man how to preach, a teacher to teach, or a lawyer to win 
cases. But some methods are common to all' business, there are 
fundamentals in theology, teaching is based on pedagogy, and 
every lawyer must know something of Blackstone. So, too, 
there are generalities which apply to all fruit growing. The 
better a man can ground himself in these, the more successful 
he ought to be in growing fruit. The word “ generalities ” is 
used in preference to the more pretentious ones “ principles ” 
and ‘“fundamentals;” these imply that fruit growing is a 
science, which it is not, but an art to which a number of 
sciences contribute. It is well to understand this at the out- 
set and so not expect in discussing horticulture the principles 
and formule of an exact science. 
Coming now to the subject. Orchard management; let us ap- 
proach it by outlining the ground to be covered. The fruits of 
this climate fall into three classes, tree-fruits, vine-fruits, and 
small fruits. Orchards are plantations of any of these but we 
restrict the term in this discussion, as in common parlance, to 
plantations of tree-fruits. To classify still further, orchards 
are planted with two general objects in view, to produce fruits 
for home use and for the market. Again commercial fruit 
growing is divided into that for a special market and that for 
the general market. Necessary brevity forbids specific discus- 
sion of these three divisions of orcharding but the fruit 
grower must not lump them together in this rough-and-ready 
way. The ideals for each are distinct and the methods that 
succeed in one division may not succeed in another. The very 
first question for the fruit grower to settle is, as to whether he 
*A reprint of Circular No. 11. 
