New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 691 
The comparative condition of the sprayed and unsprayed trees 
is well shown by plates V and VI. Plate V, from a photograph 
October 18, 1893, shows the almost complete defoliation of the 
untreated trees at this date, while plate VI, also from a photo- 
graph, shows the manner in which the sprayed trees were hold- 
ing their foliage at this time. 
The benefit of the treatment was seen not only in the more 
perfect foliage of the sprayed trees, but also in their increased 
growth, as evidenced by the increased weight of both tops and 
roots, and by the larger diameter when calipered five inches 
above the collar. The weights and measurements are given in 
the preceding tables. 
It will be noticed that in every instance the Bordeaux treat- 
ment gave heavier trees than no treatment, and with a single 
exception gave trees of larger caliper. This exception might be 
due to inequality of soil conditions. The general evidence of 
the experiments shows conclusively the beneficial results of the 
spraying. 
The strength of the Bordeaux mixture used in this work was 
one pound of copper sulphate and the necessary amount of lime 
to eleven gallons of water. The Nixon Climax pump, made at 
Dayton, Ohio, and the Vermorel nozzle were used. | 
In preparing the Bordeaux mixture the required amount of 
copper sulphate was dissolved and diluted to about two-thirds of 
the required strength; the fresh slaked lime was then poured 
into this solution in the form of a thin whitewash until the 
potassium ferrocyanide test showed that a sufficient amount of 
lime had been added. The mixture was then diluted to the 
required strength. When the lime is poured into the solution 
care should be taken to to keep out any coarse sediment that 
might clog the nozzle. — 
_Thecopper sulphate will dissolve more readily in hot water 
than in cold. It also dissolves more readily if suspended near 
the top of the water than when lying on the bottom of the 
barrel or tank in which it is dissolved. 
Stock solution.— It is best to use freshly prepared Bordeaux 
mixture, but the lime and the copper sulphate solution may both 
be kept prepared for use and thus much time may be saved in 
_ making the mixture. The lime may be slaked in a barrel or box 
