172 REPORT OF THE BOTANIST OF THB 
The majority of our correspondents report little or no scab, but 
one at Castile, Wyoming Co., says that scab destroyed 50 per 
ct. of the unsprayed fruit in that locality, and at Silver Creek, 
Chautauqua Co., Greenings are reported to have been practically 
all scabby. A correspondent at Fredonia reports it to have done ~ 
considerable damage there, but not as much as usual. 
Lear Spor.—This is a name which may be applied to any one 
of several diseases and insect injuries. It is most commonly 
used to designate the circular, dead, brown spots caused by two 
species of fungi belonging to the genus Phyllosticta. We have 
observed only traces of the Phyllosticta leaf spot. Several cor- 
respondents report some damage from leaf spot, but we have no 
means of determining the exact nature of the disease to which 
they refer. Some of it was probably due to injury from arsenical 
spraying mixtures, some was probably wind injury, and a few 
persons who reported the occurrence of leaf spot probably re- 
ferred to scab on the leaves. Some do not understand that scab 
attacks the foliage and twigs as well as the fruit. 
Fruit Spor.—In our circular we asked for information about 
the occurrence of “sunken, brcwn spots on the fruit.” We re- 
ferred to the fruit-spot disease in which small pockets of dry, 
corky tissue occur beneath the skin of the fruit, also scattered 
all through it later in the season. This disease is quite well 
known to our fruit growers. The reports indicate that it has 
been somewhat less prevalent than usual. It has occurred spar- 
ingly all over the district, but nowhere very destructively. A 
correspondent at Pavilion, Genesee Co., reports it “very bad on 
large Baldwins”; one at Ransomville, Niagara Co., “ten per ct. 
in some orchards ”; one at Gorham, Ontario Co., “eight per ct.” 
The varieties mentioned as being especially subject to the disease 
this season are Baldwin, Northern Spy and Rhode Island Green- 
ing. It seems to be the general opinion that large specimens 
are more affected than small ones of the same variety. 
The exact cause of this fruit-spot disease is unknown,> but it 
‘For a good summary of our knowledge of the disease see Jones, L. R. 
Brown Spot of the Apple. Twelfth Ann, Rept. Vt. Agr. Exp, Sta., pp. 
159-164, 
