182 REPORT OF THE BOTANIST OF THB 
BLACKBERRY DISEASES. ' 
CANES BROKEN BY SNow.—A good many blackberry canes were 
broken by the heavy snow which fell about March 1, 1900; but the 
loss from this cause was not nearly so great as fruit growers 
feared it would be. 
ORANGE Rust (Puccinia peckiana Howe. Syn. Cawoma nitens 
Schw.)—The blackberry rust so often mentioned in the economic 
literature of plant diseases in this country is the orange rust, 
Ceoma nitens, which is believed to be the ecidial stage of Puccinia 
pechiana.. This is a common and destructive rust which is well 
known to fruit growers. During the past year we have fre- 
quently observed it on blackberries, sometimes doing much 
damage. The reduction of prickles on rusted canes was found 
to be less common than in the Hudson Valley. In Chautauqua 
County at Ripley, Portland and Fredonia the rust was parasit- 
ized by the fungus Tuberculina persicina (Ditm.) Sace. The 
large dark-purple fruit bodies of the T’wberculina were abundant 
on the under surface of the leaves. Where the parasite is pres- 
ent the rusted plants are much less conspicuous because there is 
less of the orange-colored powder. Spore production is greatly 
checked by the parasite. , 
Orange rust appears only in spring, runs its course and dis- 
appears by July; hence it may be called spring rust. To be 
sure, it has a fall form, the teleutospore form which is called 
Puccinia peckiana; but this is not common and moreover it is 60 
inconspicuous that it is rarely observed except by experts who 
are searching for it. We have not observed it on blackberries 
the past season. 
YeLttow Fatt Rust (Uredo miilleri Schroet.\—Besides the 
orange rust above mentioned, mycologists recognize several 
other rusts of blackberries; but, heretofore, only one other rust 
has been reported as occurring in abundance on cultivated black- 
berries. We refer to Chrysomy«xa albida Kiihn, which is called 
white rust because of the pale yellow color of its spores. Stone 
& Smith*’ have reported the occurrence of white rust on culti- 
*Stone, G, E. & Smith, R. E. Ninth Ann, Rep. Mass. (Hatch) Exp, Sta., 
p. 74. 
