New York AGricutturaL Experiment STarion. 201 
now grown chiefly by topgrafting on varieties not subject to 
sunscald. 
CyrosporA.—Plum trunks and branches affected by sunscald 
are almost invariably infested by a species of Cytospora. In the 
case of a recent injury where the bark is not yet loosened the 
Cytospora is usually found in the sclerotium-like stage described 
on page 194, The Cytospora pimples are very abundant and often 
occur within half an inch of the living bark. This condition is 
best observed on the larger branches where the affected areas are 
depressed and the boundary between the living and dead bark 
plainly marked. Such areas on the branches usually have open 
connection with the sunscald injury on the trunk although occa- 
sionally an isolated one is found; but in nearly all cases they are 
covered with Cytospora. On injuries of longer standing the 
OCytospora pimples have white tops and are more likely to be 
found fruiting. In the older injuries there are also occasionally 
found perithecia of Valsa, the mature form of Cytospora. 
The branches of Japan plums sometimes show isolated areas a 
‘few inches long on which the bark is dead and shrunken to the 
wood. If the branch is a small one it is likely to be slightly 
enlarged at the point of injury. Such injuries are often called 
eankers. They generally bear Cytospora pimples. 
From a canker on Japan plum we obtained a pure culture of 
the Cytospora and inoculated it into six branches of Japan plum 
—three one-year-old branches and three of the present season’s 
erowth. They were inoculated by first abrading the bark, insert- 
ing a bit of fungus in the wound and finally covering the point 
of inoculation with grafting wax. The inoculations were made 
July 6 and at the same time two checks were prepared on one- 
year-old branches. In afew days gum began to exude from the 
inoculations and by the close of the season there were good can- 
kers at all six points of inoculation, while on the checks there 
was nothing abnormal, not even an exudation of gum. 
On July 21 the same Cytospora was inoculated into five peach 
shoots (variety Foster) of the present season’s growth in the 
same manner that the plum branches were inoculated. There 
