306 ReEpPorT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
margin, and on September 28 were black over their entire area 
except the white nipple at the center. At this point further 
change in the scales ceased and the insects are now dormant. 
No. 2.—One larva born September 12. By September 14 the 
white cottony substance had formed a prominent tuft near the 
center with the yellow body of the insect showing around the 
margin, The following day the entire body was covered. Sep- 
tember 17 a small white fluffy tuft had formed a little to one 
side of the center with the remaining portion of the scale white 
but more dense and firm. September 19 the margin was turning 
dark with the nipple still white. The gradual change to darker 
shades continued and on October 4 the scale was much darker 
with a white tuft at center surrounded by a narrow ring of yellow, 
caused by the first molt, and a second ring of yellow at the mar- 
gin caused by the second molt. By October 8 the main portion 
of the scale was dark brown and by October 12 it was black, the 
white nipple still persisting. There was no further development 
of this scale as it gradually became dormant. 
No. 3.—Under this number are included ninety larve born 
September 3 and transferred to apples, six on each apple, the 
following day. They were kept in the insectary and the forma- 
tion of the scale was so uniform that the lot may be discussed 
as a whole. An examination, September 6, showed them to be 
completely covered by a grayish-white scale with a central nipple 
just apparent. By September 8 the nipple had turned to light 
gray and was surrounded by a dark brown indented ring followed 
by a broad base of dark gray. By September 14 the whole scale, 
except a narrow brown margin, was black. September 17 most 
of the scales showed a narrow band of white on the margins 
caused by the pressing out of the white cottony substance 
secreted by the insect. Plate XLVIII, Fig. 6. September 21 the 
scales were black or very dark gray but still showed the white 
extension. October 8 the first molt of one of the scales had taken 
place. Nearly simultaneous with the molt the discoloration of _ 
the skin of the fruit appeared. October 12 some of the specimens 
showed second molt and the males were now distinguishable by 
a - 
Oe ho, 
