New YorkK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 347 
No variety of apple is more susceptible to canker than the 
Esopus (Spitzenburg) although a few New York orchardists are 
growing this variety to perfection. After an inspection of the 
trees, we are inclined to the opinion that the Esopus trees, as 
well ag some other kinds, are easily “xjui_d by the sun’s rays 
in summer. Such injury is also common to various cultivated 
trees in many parts of the west, where it is known as sun-burn. 
The canker fungus finds access to the living tissue through 
such injuries and tnough the injured area itself is small it may 
soon be greatly extended by the growth of the fungus. 
In some parts of the west, orchardists spray their trees during 
the winter with a whitewash as a protection against sun-scald. 
Whitewash has been used to some extent to prevent the pre- 
mature swelling of fruit buds in spring and it has been fc ind 
to be some protection against winter injury as well. ‘That the 
action of the lime may also have a beneficial effect on the trees 
is Shown by instances in which a healthy condition of the bark 
has followed its use. | 
The formula given below is recommended by the best authori- 
ties for a winter wash. The tallow and salt render the mixture 
very adhesive so that it is not readily « ed off by winter 
rains. 
MUNSTER OM) 2/04 3 oe hes ole Finck hace 30 pounds, 
Re se a ns tine ks Rid tase due can oe ads 4 % 
OO ace Bocre te greedy spe asene ra aaieiie Sepitiie 5 a 
Dilute with enough water to make it spray easily through a 
moderately fine nozzle. 
Heading the trees low so as to protect the trunk from the sun 
and forming a thick head for the purpose of shading the 
branches, help to prevent sun-burn., ‘ 
THE TREATMENT OF APPLE-TREE CANKER. 
The experiments in treating a canker-infested orchard were 
continued through the season just closed and again we must 
report that no definite results were obtained. However, it is too 
much to expect that flattering results will attend a spraying 
