New YorRK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 397 
stimulates it to growing into a seed, or in other words, which 
fertilizes it. If fertilization does not take place there is no 
further development and the entire flower withers and dies. 
The essential organs of the flower are composed of very tender 
tissues. It is not surprising that injury follows when they are 
hit by spray mixtures. Neither is it strange that Bordeaux mix- 
ture should prevent the growth of the pollen. Bordeaux mix- 
ture could not hold its position as a leading fungicide if it did 
not prevent the growth of fungus spores. The germination of 
a pollen grain is analogous to the germination of a fungus 
spore. Fig. 14 illustrates pollen grains of an Amaryllis and Fig. 
15 shows their appearance after they have germinated and begun 
to send out the pollen tubes; Fig. 16 illustrates spores of a 
species of fungus which causes the carnation rust and Fig. 17 
shows the same after they have germinated and sent out the 
germ tubes. Since Bordeaux mixture is deadly to the one it 
might reasonably be expected to have a similar effect upon the 
other. That it does have such an effect is demonstrated by 
the experiments in the laboratory and in the orchard, an account 
of which is given on the preceding pages. ee | 
EFFECT OF SPRAYING IN BLOOM UPON THE YIELD. 
In order to get some evidence as to the effect of spraying 
apple trees in bloom upon the yield of fruit, and also upon 
injurious insects and plant diseases, as compared with spraying 
when the trees are not in bloom, four bearing orchards were 
sprayed in different parts of Western New York. These 
orchards were so free from fungous troubles during 1900 that 
no information was gained as to whether such diseases as the 
apple scab may be best controlled by spraying in bloom but the 
experiments did throw some light upon the effect on the yield, 
of spraying in bloom, although they are not conclusive on this 
point, as may be seen by the following account of the work. 
Three of the orchards in which these experiments were con. 
ducted are near Lake Ontario and one is on the upland about 
five miles west of Seneca Lake. This arrangement was planned 
