68 Report OF THE BOTANIST OF THE 
sented by one from a fruit grower at Barker, in Niagara county. 
Under date of July 14, he writes: 
‘We are in bad shape up here. The apple leaves are all fall- 
ing off. The apple trees have the leaf spot very bad, and after 
the rains of last week the leaves began to turn yellow and drop. 
It looks like November here now. As a rule, the best-sprayed 
orchards are most affected. Baldwins are more affected than 
other kinds, but all are bad.” 
On July 10 and 11 one of the writers, in company with the 
Station Horticulturist, Mr. 8S. A. Beach, made a tour of inspec 
tion through Wayne, Monroe and Orleans counties. At a dis- 
tance the majority of the orchards appeared to have good 
foliage. However, there were some orchards which were evi- 
dently in bad condition. Even from the railway train it could 
be seen that a considerable portion of the foliage was yellow 
and the ground under the trees covered with leaves. Upon 
entering the orchards it was found that some which appeared 
well at a distance were in reality considerably affected with 
dead, brown spots on the leaves. Moreover, it was even- then 
plain that the apple harvest would find a large percentage of 
the fruit affected with scab. 
The conclusions reached in this investigation are set forth in 
the following press notice issued July 17th: 
“TH YELLOWING AND DROPPING OF APPLE LEAVES. 
F. C. Srewart AND 8S. A. Bracu. 
“In many apple orchards in Western New York the leaves 
began to fall by July 4. In some orchards a considerable part 
of the foliage has fallen, and in such cases the crop may be 
somewhat injured. The leaves first showed dead, brown spots 
of various shapes and sizes, then turned yellow and fell. In 
some cases the fruit, also, became russeted and sometimes even 
cracked. 
“After a careful examination of many orchards in Ontario, 
Wayne, Monroe and Orleans counties we have reached the con- 
clusion that the trouble is due primarily to weather conditions 
and is aggravated by spraying. The protracted cold, wet 
weather in June made the foliage tender and susceptible to in: 
jury from the spraying liquids. Some unsprayed orchards show 
