New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 69 
a little of the trouble, but sprayed orchards are almost invari- 
ably the most affected. However, some sprayed orchards are 
but slightly affected. In general, cultivated and well-cared-for 
orchards are less affected than uncultivated and neglected ones, 
but there are some exceptions to this rule. While spraying 
under the existing weather conditions is the princtpal cause, it 
appears that several other factors enter into the problem and 
modify the results. 
“Injury has resulted from paris green with bordeaux, ‘ green 
arsenoid’ with bordeaux, ‘ disparene,’ or arsenate of lead, with 
bordeaux, arsenite of lime with bordeaux and an arsenical in- 
secticide without bordeaux. It is clear, therefore, that each of 
the common insecticides has produced injury. Whether bor- 
deaux alone is capable of doing it has not been determined. 
“In the territory examined by us serious injury is not likely to 
result, except, perhaps, in a few of the worst affected orchards. 
In the majority of cases the slight injury done by spraying is 
likely to be overbalanced by the good done. Notwithstanding the 
loss of foliage in sprayed orchards it is likely that where thorough 
and seasonable spraying has been done the fruit will be superior 
to unsprayed fruit; whereas, in unsprayed orchards the damage 
to fruit and foliage from scab and codlin moth may be ex: 
pected to increase. It would be unwise to forget the great 
benefits of spraying in the past and to denounce or abandon it 
because of the unfavorable experience of this season. 
“This yellowing and spotting of the leaves considerably re- 
sembles a fungous disease common farther south and known as 
leaf spot; but in the present case no fungus or insect is to be 
found.” 
The trouble was at its height about the middle of July, and 
after July 20 it seemed to make little progress. In many orchards 
one-fourth to one-third of the leaves had fallen by July 20 and 
the leaves still remaining on the trees were badly spotted. 
Although unsprayed orchards were not entirely exempt from it, 
the sprayed orchards were almost invariably the most affected. 
All of the severe cases were those of sprayed orchards, and, as a 
rule, the more thorough the spraying the more severe the attack 
of leaf drop. Many of the worst affected orchards were those 
belonging to thoroughly up-to-date apple growers, who were, 
very naturally, much chagrined and perplexed. The evidence 
was overwhelming in favor of the theory that the spotting and 
dropping of the leaves was greatly increased by spraying. 
