TA 
Rievorv or tHe Boranist. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES IV AND V. 
Prare IV.—Dead, brown spots on Baldwin apple leaves. (Nat. 
size. ) 
Figs. 1 AND 2.—From the Williamson orchard mentioned on 
F 1G. 
PLATE 
page 70. Spots caused by spraying: bearing Phylosticta 
pycnidia, 
3.—lrom an unsprayed orchard at Williamson. Cause 
of spots unknown. Spots, in all respects, apparently 
identical with those caused by spraying. They bear 
pycnidia of the same Phylosticta. 

V.—Greening apples russeted and cracked by spraying. 
(Photographed natural size, July 12, 1902.) On one 
side of each apple the skin was rough and russet brown 
in color and there was a deep wide crack in the flesh; 
but there was no evidence of the presence of any fungus, 
which goes to show that the trobule was not due to scab, 
which is the usual cause of the cracking of apples. When 
scab is present it shows itself in the form of spots 
covered with a greenish black mold. 
