New YorRK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 125 
was killing new canes. On September 19, 1900, new canes of 
black raspberry which had been “ headed back ” some time during 
the summer showed mature Coniothyrium pycnidia on the dead 
stubs. 
At one time it was thought that the early stage of cane blight 
had been discovered in the bluish-black areas found on new canes 
of red raspberries in autumn. It is now known that these dis- 
colored areas are due to another cause. (See page 128.) 
In spring, as the leaves are unfolding, one may occasionally 
find canes already affected with cane blight in a stage so far 
advanced as to make it certain that they were infected the pre 
vious season. For example, on May 5, 1902, a vigorous cane of the 
variety Conrath was found to be affected with cane blight at a 
point about a foot below the tip. Here the bark and wood were 
discolored over an area three-fourths of an inch long and one- 
four inch wide and there were numerous pycnidia of Coniothy- 
rium filled with ripe spores. This cane must have been infected 
the previous season. 
On May 8, 1902, a plantation of the variety Kansas was exam- 
ined at Poughkeepsie. It was observed that some canes were 
either dead or putting out leaves very sparingly, indicating that 
something was wrong. In the majority of such cases it was 
possible to trace the cause of the trouble to a dead area some- 
where on the cane and this dead area showed many pycnidia of 
Coniothyrium. These infections could not possibly have occurred 
in the spring of 1902; they must have occurred in 1901 on the 
new canes. 
In several other instances well advanced cases of infection, with 
mature spores of Coniothyrium present, have been observed during 
the first week in May. In 1900 a plantation in Ulster County 
was quite seriously affected as early as May 24. There can be 
no doubt that part of the infection, at least, occurs on new canes. 
On the other hand, there are. some reasons for believing that 
infection may also occur on the fruiting canes in the spring. In 
general, it is difficult to locate affected canes before the appear- 
ance of the leaves. On May 1 it may be difficult to find Coniothy- 
rium pyenidia in plantations in which, by July 1, the fungus oc- 
curs abundantly on almost every cane. If infection occurs only 
