158 Report oF THE BOTANIST OF THE 
PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 
Spraying.—Apples that were free from scab were entirely free 
from this rot. Observations and investigations go to show that 
the fungus which causes the rot cannot grow through the sound 
epidermis. Scab growing on an apple breaks the epidermis and 
thereby makes an entrance for this rot fungus as well as for vari- 
ous other kinds of fungi that cause the decay of the fruit. There- 
fore, the ideal preventive is to keep the fruit free from scab. 
Spraying will do this, as many experiments and the experience 
of the most successful apple growers in New York State prove. 
The standard preventive for scab is three thorough applications 
of bordeaux mixture; the first applied just before the blossoms 
open, the second just after the blossoms fall and the third from 
ten to fourteen days after the second application. 
For further details and suggestions on spraying see Bulletin 
170 of this Station. 
Cold storage.— Investigations that have been made demon- 
strate that the rot on fruit known to be seeded with spores of 
the disease can be successfully held in check by cold storage. 
There were reasons for believing this to be so, but positive evi- 
dence was lacking. To get this evidence twelve apples of differ- 
ent varieties that had been carefully selected and sterilized were 
inoculated with a pure culture of the fungus on the morning of 
November 1st, and that afternoon taken to Brighton and placed 
in the commercial cold storage house of the Gleason & Loomis 
Co., where the temperature was kept constantly at about 32° F. 
Check fruits of the same varieties, inoculated in the same way, at 
the same time and from the same pure culture of the fungus were 
made and left in the laboratory, where the temperature was about 
70° I. during the day, but considerably lower during the night. 
On November 10th the apples in the laboratory were examined, 
and in every one the rot had developed at the point of inoculation. 
(Plate XX, Fig. 1.) 
On November 28th the apples in cold storage were taken out 
and found to be in as good condition as when they were put in. 
(Plate XX, Fig. 2.) The rot had not developed in any of them. 
But after these apples had been in the laboratory a few days the 

