New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. | 247 
but if so in the extreme western part of Chautauqua County only. 
It is located in Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Vir- 
ginia and possibly Illinois and South Carolina. 
METHODS OF CONTROL. 
Protection.—When occurring in large numbers, there seems 
to be no practical method of controlling the adults except over 
very small areas. Experiments with pyrethrum, kerosene emul- 
sion and various acids have shown that all of these substances 
have some effect but are probably of little practical value. Small 
trees, shrubs and vines can be protected from the adults by cover- 
ing them with sheeting or some similar material or with wire net- 
ting. This, of course, would be practical only in the case of a 
few choice plants. As a means of reducing the numbers of a 
brood in any locality the pruning of branches in which eggs have 
been deposited if taken in time will prove effectual. The injured 
branches should be cut out soon after the eggs are deposited. As 
a further precaution against injury by the adults, young stock 
should not be planted during the two years previous to. their ap- 
pearance in those localities where the insect is known to occur. 
Natural enemies.»—A number of parasites attack the periodical 
cicada including some interesting mite parasites of the eggs. A 
species of digger wasp is also known to attack the adults. A 
number of birds also feed upon them. Among birds the English 
sparrow is said to be their greatest enemy. Chickens will also 
feed upon them. In one case reported to the writer a hen was 
observed to devour fourteen in quick succession. Fox squirrels 
and ground squirrels have been observed feeding upon them. In 
cases where the cicadas fell into the water blue cat fish, black 
bass and white suckers have been known to feed upon them. A 
fungus disease also attacks the adults. 
DOG-DAY CICADA. 
A related species often mistaken for the periodical cicada.—A 
species which is often mistaken for the periodical cicada is known 
as the dog-day cicada or harvest fly, Cicada tibicen Linn. It 
18For an extended account of the natural enemies of the periodical cicada see U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bul. 14, n. s., pp. 95-107. 
