250 REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
which they were secured were not normal. It is not improbable, 
however, that eggs are occasionally laid during the summer by 
the adults of the spring brood, as occasional young and full- 
grown larvze were found by the writer late in August and on ~ 
September 19. Some of the young larvee taken in September 
measured less than one-quarter inch, indicating that they had 
recently hatched. Adults were found on the former date but 
none on the latter. Although careful search was made but 
few larve were found, and these were scattered in several trees. 
The occurrence of the larve at this time of year means one 
of two things, either that they belong to a second brood or that 
there may be a great delay in the time of egg-laying among 
certain individuals that probably lay their eggs normally in the 
spring. The former seems to us the more probable as it would 
not be unnatural, while so long a delay in either egg laying or 
the development of the egg would seem to be extreme. 
Although the life history of this insect is not yet well under- 
stood it seems probable from the time the larve appear and the 
fact that the adults have been kept alive until late in October,® 
that the eggs are laid in the spring by the moths which have 
lived in some protected place during the winter. 
The larva.— The larve or caterpillars appeared early in June. 
Individuals kept in our breeding cages were about three weeks 
in reaching maturity. They are very active when disturbed, 
violently jerking and wriggling the body and often dropping 
suddenly from the leaf or fruit and suspending themselves in 
the air in the same manner as the canker worms. On the leaves 
they make sheltered retreats for themselves by drawing over the 
edge of a leaf and fastening it by silken threads or by spinning 
a covering of silk over a depression in the leaf. At Plate 
XXVIII a caterpillar is seen in a partially completed retreat. 
Not infrequently these retreats are abandoned without being 
completed. They also often draw two or three leaves together 
making a nest after the manner of the larva of the bud moth. 
The soft parts of the leaves in the immediate vicinity of these 
hiding places are eaten, until finally it is necessary to seek food 
elsewhere, when new shelters are constructed. When alarmed 




18Slingerland. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta Bul. 187, p. 95. 
