New YorK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 251 
the caterpillars will often seek one of their retreats if near to it. 
The following manuscript notes by Mr. P. J. Parrott, who 
studied the insect in the Huntress orchard at Manhattan, 
Kansas, are interesting in furnishing additional data on the 
habits of the larva. 
“The amount of damage that this insect can do is remark- 
able. In some instances it will eat all of the leaf as far as it is 
feeding, while in the majority of cases it will consume the pulpy 
parts of the foliage, leaving in many cases nothing but the 
larger veins, ribs and stem of the leaf. The insect in the larval 
stage does not always feed exposed, but generally has more or 
less of its body protected by a case formed from an apple leaf 
or, in the commencement of the building of a new case, it hides 
in the bottom of an enfoldment of a leaf, protected by a silken 
roof of its own manufacture. The insect commences the folding 
of a leaf in any of the following ways: First, when the upper sur- 
face of the leaves forms a concavity the larva will commence its 
work along the main rib. It lies parallel with the rib, and 
Swings its head from-side to side alternately, now frontwards 
and now backwards, attaching each time to the sides of the leaf 
a fine thread till a coarse network of silken threads is formed; 
second, on the lower surface when the lateral edges of the leaf 
are folded in towards that side; third, when any part of the 
leaf is turned or inclined to turn on itself, the larva will seek 
such a hollow, and draw the edge of the leaf over itself after 
the manner of first and second cases; fourth, when a leaf is in 
contact with another or overlaps within a short distance, the 
two are connected by the silken threads. . 
“As soon as it is hatched the larva commences to construct 
coverings after the manner described. Whatever the covering 
may be it leaves one or more apertures through which it may 
project a part of itself or sometimes entirely emerge to eat. 
When the covering or case is just formed the larve seem to 
prefer the parts of the leaf adjoining the case, but when this is 
devoured they commence to eat the pulpy parts of their case, 
and possibly do eat more or less of this from the very beginning, 
but more so when they have devoured most of the leaf. When 
the greater part of a leaf is destroved and nothing remains of 
