New YorK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 265 
DIGEST OF RESULTS FROM USE OF KEROSENE. 
Effect on trees.—A study of the notes on results indicates that 
it is unsafe to use low grade kerosene, 100° flash test (“ dis- 
tillate ”) in a mechanical mixture of 15 per ct. with water, on 
peach trees before there is a movement of the sap, that is, while 
trees are dormant; also that a 15 per ct. mixture of the same 
il is liable to injure apple trees even though applied while the 
rees are dormant. eee | Diet | ae 
Powell! has shown that kerosene, 110° fire test, also known as 
‘fuel oil” applied pure to pear in November, killed over 50 
per ct. of the leaf and fruit buds. Lowe? found that a 15 per ct. 
mechanical mixture of 100° fire test kerosene, applied in summer, 
.njured leaves of pear and apple. The combination of these 
results indicates that it is unsafe to use low grade kerosenes at 
any season of the year on any kind of tree. 
In addition, the tests indicate that it is just as unsafe to use 
50° flash test kerosene (‘“ water white,” ordinary illuminating 
oil), in a 15 per ct. mechanical mixture on dormant peach as it 
is to use a low grade oil, at least before there is any movement 
of the sap or swelling of the buds. Lowe? has shown that a 20 
per ct. mechanical mixture of 150° “fire test oil” applied to 
peach while dormant killed trees. In Gould’s* tests peaches 
were killed back one-third by an application of this grade of 
kerosene in a 20 per ct. mechanical mixture, while the trees 
were dormant. ! 
Conversely a number of experimenters have found that 150° 
flash test kerosene can be applied to peach while in full leaf, in 
a 15 per ct. mechanical mixture, without injury. 
The tests also indicate that it is unsafe to spray apple, in this 
section at least, as late as March 13 with either pure or a 50 per 
ct. mechanical mixture of the above grade of kerosene. 
At Geneva, Lowe® only slightly injured apple by an applica- 
tion of pure kerosene applied as late as March 27. 
In Maryland, Johnson® injured apple by the use of kerosene 
as early as March 3. 

110th Rept. Del. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta., 1898, p. 241. 
2N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 194, 1900. 
3Idem. 
4Md. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 73, 1901. 
By 0: 
‘Md. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 57. p. 101, 1898. 
