284 REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
efficiency when applied as thoroughly as possible. Otherwise 
but little definite data can be secured. If it is shown to be 
efficient when thoroughly applied, the success or failure attend- 
ing its use on a commercial scale will depend upon the ease 
of application and the quality of the work done. For this 
reason comparatively few trees were used, the total number for 
the early spring treatment amounting to but 710. 
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF THE WASH. 
Several preliminary tests were made with different formulae, 
but the one finally decided upon as giving the best results in 
the preliminary tests is as follows: 
STINE SUNS REN oo 2 Steed Pete ae eee 4() pounds. 
SOIPOUr, STOUUU vs > «car seme eee cee 20 pounds. 
altos ce coe haere tip ea ran sae 15 pounds. 
WV ALCE Ors herein mictahe a ait ¢ et na ee 60 gallons. 
The lime was slaked in a large iron kettle to form a creamy 
solution. As soon as the action of the lime had ceased, the 
sulphur and salt, together with about 30 gallons of water, were 
added and the whole boiled for at least two hours. It was then 
diluted to 60 gallons with boiling water or with cold water and 
the whole brought to the boiling point. To prevent clogging 
the machinery the mixture should be strained through a fine 
wire net as it is being poured into the tank. The tendency of 
the sulphur to form lumps in the mixture can be avoided by 
making a thin paste of the sulphur with a little water and 
stirring it in slowly. 
The mixture may be boiled either in large iron kettles over 
a fire, or in barrels with live steam, or in tanks made for the 
purpose. For small orchards the former will answer very well. 
The kettles should hold at least 60 to 80 gallons each and should 
be so arranged as to be conveniently heated over a wood fire, 
as shown in Plate XXXIV, or by means of a stove into which 
®The formula given in Pulletin 212 of this Station, p. 211, gives 30 instead of-40 pounds 
of lime. In either case there is an excess and undoubtedly within quite broad limits the 
quantity makes no important difference in the immediate effects of the wash upon the scale. 
A liberal amount of lime, however, causes the mixture to adhere better and also probably 
delays the weathering away of the soluble ingredients. 
