New YorRK AGRICULTURAL EH XPERIMENT STATION. - 285 
the kettle is built. It will be found to be an advantage to have 
two kettles in use so that while one is being emptied the other 
kettle full of mixture can be in preparation. 
Where practicable the steam boiling method is to be pre- 
ferred as there are no open fires to be watched and the boiling 
is apt-to be more thorough. If the orchard to be sprayed is 
not too large, enough of the mixture can be boiled in three or 
four barrels to keep. the machines supplied. For large orchards, 
one large, or, preferably, two smaller vats may be built, into 
which the steam is carried from a nearby boiler. For an or- 
chard of 100 acres two vats measuring about 5 feet long, 3 feet 
wide and 30 inches deep will be found large enough to supply 
the mixture needed. Each of these tanks will hold approxi- 
mately 280 gallons. It will be found convenient to have them 
about four feet above the ground with a platform between about 
four feet wide, upon which a man may stand to attend the spray 
while boiling. A faucet for drawing off the mixture into the 
spraying machine should be provided at the end of each vat. 
It will also be found an advantage to have the floor slope slightly 
toward the faucet.* 
The machinery required for applying the lime-sulphur-salt 
wash does not differ from that required for effectual work with 
bordeaux mixture. As for spraying bordeaux mixture, how- 
_ ever, it is of especial importance that the pump give a uniform 
high pressure to insure an effectual spray. In these experiments 
ordinary bordeaux spraying machines were used. Various noz- 
zles were tested with a view to ascertaining the makes best 
adapted to the wash. The list includes the following: Cyclone, 
Cyclone with direct disgorger, Seneca, Bordeaux, Vermorel, 
McGowan, San José, Graduate and Nixon. The Seneca and Ver- 
morel proved to be the most satisfactory. 
The method of spraying the trees was practically the same in 
all of the orchards. To insure thoroughness the trees were care- 
fully sprayed once and as soon as the mixture was dry they were 
4For detailed descriptions of steam boiling plants for supplying the lime-sulphur-salt wash 
for spraying orchards of from 20 to 1,000 acres the reader is referred to Bul. No. 20 of the 
Division of Vegetable Pathology of the U. S. Dept. Agr., by Newton B. Pierce. The plants 
therein described are in use in California. . 
