New York AcricuLtturRAL EXxpeRiMENT STATION. 313 
Apple No. 53.—- Nineteen adult females alive with no young; 
4 adult females alive with 2 to’7 living young; 3 adult females 
dead with no young; 7 young scales just settling down alive; 
316 with scales in black stage alive; 27 young scales turned 
reddish by wash, of which 18 are alive; remainder dead. 
Apple No. 54.— Ten adult females alive with 1-8 living young; 
1 adult female dead; 12 with scales in white stage alive; 202 
with scales in*black stage alive; remainder dead. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
The above tables show that a large percentage of the insects 
were killed immediately by the spray obtained by atomizing 
with water a coat of lime, sulphur and salt, one hour after its 
application. The results at final examination clearly indicate 
that many adult females were destroyed either before or in 
early maternity and were entirely prevented or instantly 
checked in the production of offspring, and that many larvee 
and immature scales died immediately after treatment as a 
result of the soluble ingredients present in the spray. Equally 
apparent is the destructive effects of the insoluble ingredients 
or precipitates. It is not always possible in each case to dis- 
tinguish the effects of the soluble from the insoluble ingredients, 
especially in the destruction of living larve beneath the mother 
scale. But it does strongly appear that the precipitates are 
efficient insecticides in that they act mechanically by confining 
the larve to the mother scale (apple No. 42), and presenting a 
surface impenetrable to the larval mouth parts (apples 4 and 
6). The precipitates, unless very abundant, do not appear to 
destroy mature female scales, and when present in small quan- 
tities will not prevent immature forms from developing to 
maturity. 
Sprays secured from the wash seventy-two hours after appli 
cation to a plate (apple 52) possessed soluble insecticides which 
were destructive to immature forms, while later sprays were 
much less efficient. The experiments in this series do not fur- 
nish evidence of the maximum time the soluble ingredients are 
present as active insecticides. With the amount of dilution of 
