New YorK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 335 
were prevented from escaping from beneath the mother scale, 
or if they did escape, from finding a suitable place to settle down. 
The insoluble deposit also killed the young scales that had set- 
tled down but had not yet formed the mature scale. It is there- 
fore largely through these ingredients that a prolonged action 
of the wash is to be expected. The more of the heavy deposit 
on the tree the less rapidly the soluble ingredients will be 
washed away and the more prolonged the mechanical effects. 
In general these experiments bear out the results obtained in 
the field experiments, namely, that the wash clearly has a direct 
and prompt, largely chemical, effect and a secondary, or mechani- 
cal, effect upon the scale. 
II. SUMMER TREATMENT WITH LIME-SULPHUR 
COMPOUNDS. 
During the past summer experiments have been conducted in 
two orchards situated in Westchester and Niagara counties with 
the lime and sulphur compound in various proportions as shown 
in the following summaries. The principal objects of the experi- 
ments were to determine the propositions of the lime and sulphur 
which could be used safely and also whether summer spraying 
could be made practicable as a method of combating the scale. 
EXPERIMENTS IN NIAGARA COUNTY. 
These experiments were conducted in Mr. Whitney’s orchard 
described on page 299. ° Fifty-three trees were sprayed, 27 of 
which were Bartlett and Keiffer pears and the remainder Smock 
and Yellow St. John peaches. Two of the pear and one of the 
peach trees were badly encrusted with the scale, eight of the 
pears and nine of the peaches badly infested, but to a somewhat 
less degree, while the remainder were slightly infested. Two 
pears were left as checks. 
The trees were treated June 14, one thorough application being 
made, followed by another application, where needed, to insure 
thorough treatment. An average of about one and one-fifth gal- 
lons of the mixture was used for each tree. The weather on the 
date of the treatment was bright and warm with but little wind. 
