New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 177 
which the amount of the disease was considerably reduced by 
spraying with Bordeaux mixture. This, also, indicates a parasitic 
origin. On the other hand Craig’® says that spraying does not 
seem to prevent it, and this coincides with our own limited obser- 
vations. 
The descriptions given by the several authors whose work is 
mentioned above agree quite closely, and yet it is highly probable 
that they have been dealing with two or more distinct diseases. 
We have here an illustration of the desirability of more complete 
descriptions of the gross characters of plant diseases. 
During the past season the writer has made an investigation 
into the cause of one of these fruit-spot diseases of the apple. It 
is a disease of the Baldwin and is generally known throughout 
New York State as the “ Baldwin spot” or “ Baldwin fruit spot.” 
Although it undoubtedly originated somewhat earlier, it was not 
observed until the fruit was gathered, about October 7. The 
owner of the orchard estimated that a trifle less than two per ct. 
of the fruits were affected; however, on individual trees the per- 
centage was much higher than this. The orchard had _ been 
thoroughly sprayed four times — twice before and twice after blos- 
soming. It was well cultivated and is in all respects one of the 
best managed orchards in the vicinity of Geneva. 
On the surface of the fruit the spots were very conspicuous. 
They varied in color from light brown to dark brown. Their 
general shape was circular, but very few were perfect circles. 
Sometimes they were quite irregular, but always with the corners 
well rounded and sharply delimited from the healthy tissue. The 
spots were slightly sunken, with the epidermis smooth, shiny and 
unbroken. In size they varied from a mere speck to one-fourth 
inch in diameter, the majority having a diameter of about one- 
eighth of an inch. The smallest spots might show no brown 
color at all, but be indicated merely by a deeper red color of the 
skin if situated upon the colored part of the fruit, or by a green 
18 Loe. cit. 
12 
