178 Report oF THE BOTANIST OF THE 
color if situated upon the lighter portion. The number of spots 
on individual fruits varied from two or three up to as many 
as seventy-five, distributed irregularly over the calyx half 
of the fruit. It is an interesting fact, and one which may throw 
some light on the cause of the trouble, that the stem half of the 
fruit is almost invariably free from spots even when they are 
numerous on the calyx half. 
Underneath the surface spots the tissue is light brown, dry and 
spongy for a distance of one-eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch. 
This spongy tissue is not bitter to the taste” or at least but slightly 
so. At the time the fruits were gathered the spongy tissue was 
found only underneath the surface spots, but after they had lain 
some three weeks in the laboratory many brown spots were found 
distributed irregularly through the flesh of the calyx half of the 
fruit, but not in the stem half. These spots were irregular in 
shape, indefinite in outline and in many cases entirely surrounded 
by healthy tissue. 
Several other varieties of apples of this State are affected with 
spots similar to those on the Baldwin, but the following study was 
confined to the Baldwin spot here described, and the conclusions 
apply to this one form only. 
Microscopic examination of the affected tissue revealed no 
fungus hyphe and no bacteria which could be definitely demon- 
strated as such. Commencing October 7, two of the affected 
Baldwins were kept for 21 days in a moist chamber at a temper- 
ature of 65° to 74° Fahr. During this time the spots did not 
enlarge (externally, at least), no fungus appeared upon them and 
they did not increase in number upon the surface although they 
did increase in number within the fruit. When these apples 
19 This is a point on which the spot disease under consideration differs from 
the descriptions of Jones and Cobb. 
20 The reason for believing that the spots increased in number within the 
fruit, is as follows: When the apples were taken from the trees, many of 
them were cut open, and in no case were the spots found, except immediately 
under the epidermis; but after affected apples from the same lot had been off 
the trees for about three weeks, they universally showed brown spots scat- 
tered through the flesh quite to the core. 
