194 Report or tue Boranist oF THE 
tightly to the wood. Between the bark and the wood there may 
be much fungus mycelium, probably the mycelium of Irpex lacteus 
Fr. since pilei of that fungus were found on one of the dying 
trunks. One of the diseased trees was dug up for the purpose of 
examining the roots, which were seemingly healthy and free from 
fungus. There was no sharp line of demarcation between the dis- 
eased and healthy wood at the point where the scion joined the 
stock.!! The trees were thrifty, having been well cultivated and 
cared for. The cause of this disease is unknown to us. It occurs 
in other parts of the state, sometimes causing heavy losses. 
BLACKBERRY DISEASES. 
ORANGE RUST. 
(Pucemia peckiana Howe. Syn. Caeoma ntens Schw.) 
Orange rust, although less distructive than usual, was abundant 
and undoubtedly the worst blackberry disease. For several years 
W. D. Barns & Son of Middle Hope have persistently fought the 
disease by diggmg out and burning the affected plants. It is 
probable that this treatment has materially lessened the ravages of 
the disease, but in spite of their efforts it continues to cause con- 
siderable damage every season. To get the best results from such 
treatment the diseased plants should be removed promptly upon 
the first appearance of the disease to prevent the spores from 
ripening. 
At Mr. Barns’ place our attention was called to an interesting 
effect which rust has upon the canes of raspberries and blackberries. 
Canes affected with rust were much freer from prickles than were 
healthy canes. 
These observations were made on May 8,.at which time the 
rusty canes of the preceding season’s growth were easily recognized 
although the secidiospores were not yet mature. Among black- 
11 The stock was peach. 
12No reference to this phenomenon has been found in the literature at 
hand. Mr. W. Paddock informs us that he has observed it at Oaks Corners, 
Ontario county. 
