New York AGricuLtturAL Experiment Station. 303 
closely resemble those of the apple tree tent-caterpillar described 
on pages 286-287 of Bulletin 152 of this Station, but are some- 
what more loosely woven and have less of the yellowish powder. 
In the vicinity of Geneva the spinning of the cocoons began last 
season about the last week in May and continued until the middle 
of July. 
Although it has been considered one of the characteristics of 
this species to utilize a leaf in making the cocoon there were many 
exceptions last season, for they were found in great numbers upon 
the fences and out-buildings and even upon the ground, where no 
leaves were to be had to aid in their construction. This may 
have been in part due to a scarcity of foliage in the woodlands 
where the trees had been entirely stripped. In sections where the 
caterpillars were less common, most of the cocoons were formed in 
the leaves, the leaf or leaves being brought around the cocoon as 
shown at Plate X XI, fig. 3. This picture shows a cocoon partly 
enclosed by two elm leaves held in place by the numerous threads 
of silk attached to them. Some of the forest tent-caterpillars kept 
in the breeding cages showed a tendency to forsake this habit; for 
out of about 150 over half spun their cocoons upon the sides of the 
cages, the remainder utilizing the leaves that were there in abun- 
dance. Most of these caterpillars spun their cocoons during the 
night, but a few kept in a darkened room began during the latter 
part of the afternoon. These were observed to require between 
five and six hours to complete the work. After completing the 
cocoon the imprisoned caterpillar molts once and then passes to 
the pupa stage. 
The pupa.— Both male and female pupz are reddish-brown in 
color. The former measures about five-eighths of an inch in length 
and the latter three-fourths. 
Moths: tume of appearance ; habits.—Last spring in the vicinity 
of Geneva the moths were occasionally seen by June 20. <A 
large number of the cocoons gathered from various parts of the 
State where the caterpillars were very abundant furnish interest- 
