338 Report oF THE HoRTICULTURIST OF THE 
Pyenidia containing mature spores were also found to be abun- 
dant on the dead bark surrounding the points of inoculation that 
were made from the cultures of Sphaeropsis. Plate XXX, fig. 3, 
is from a photograph of one of the limbs of an apple tree as it 
appeared at the close of the present season, that was inoculated 
in the spring of 1898 with cultures made from a cankered limb. 
Pyenidia are numerous on the surface of the bark and on the 
decorticated wood as well. 
The result of over fifty inoculations made from cultures that 
were obtained from cankered apple-tree limbs prove that the 
apple-tree canker of New York apple orchards is caused by a 
fungus of the genus Sphaeropsis. In every instance where the 
incisions were made through to the wood, typical cankers were 
produced and mature fruit of the Sphaeropsis formed on the de- 
caying bark and in some instances on the decorticated wood also. 
The inoculation experiments were repeated many times during the 
season of 1899 and the results have been the same. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
A personal examination of a great many orchards during the 
past two seasons reveals the fact that this canker of apple trees 
is widely distributed in the orchards of New York. In fact an 
orchard is rarely seen that is entirely free from the disease. As 
is to be expected, however, it is more abundant in some localities 
than in others, and as has been previously mentioned, some varie- 
ties are more subject to the disease than others. It is specially 
injurious in many of the apple growing sections of western New 
York. 
Responses to a circular letter sent to the authorities of the vari- 
ous experiment stations, together with personal examinations, 
bring out the positive information that this canker occurs in Con- 
necticut, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Ver- 
mont, and that it probably occurs in Illinois, Maine, Massachu- 
setts, Minnesota, New Jersey, West Virginia and portions of 
Canada. It seems probable that when the disease becomes more 
