4.06 Report oF THE HoRTICULTURIST OF THE 
Sooty blotch is sometimes mistaken for scab. A striking point 
of difference between the two diseases is the manner in which 
they attack the fruit. Sooty blotch is confined to the surface of 
the fruit and may be readily removed by rubbing, while the scab 
destroys the cuticle ( outer layer of the skin) thus making a spot 
which cannot be removed by rubbing. 
Being superficial in its growth, the fungus does the fruit no 
harm except to make it unsightly and, consequently, less salable. 
Under favorable conditions sooty blotch may appear upon 
almost any variety, but it seems to have a preference for some of 
the fair skinned varieties such as Bellflower, Fall Pippin and 
Rhode Island Greening. Pears, also, are subject to it. 
T'reatment.— In orchards sprayed for apple scab the fruit will 
not, ordinarily, suffer much either from sooty blotch or the fly 
speck disease. However, for the best results with both of these 
diseases it seems necessary to make one or two sprayings in July 
in addition to those made in treating apple scab. 
APPLE INSEOTS. 
BORERS. 
Several species of borers attack the apple:tree. As a rule they 
will be found in the trunk, but occasionally in the larger limbs. 
A small species sometimes infests the twigs. The presence of the 
grubs is usually indicated by the discolored bark and by their 
castings. The following species are most commonly met with in 
this State: 
THE FLAT-HEADED APPLE-TREE BORER. 
(Chrysobothris femorata Fab.) 
Description.— The female beetle lays its eggs in the bark late in 
June or in July. These hatch in a few days and the grubs at 
once gnaw their way into the sap-wood where they live and feed 
from one to three years before reaching full size. A short time 
before pupation they go deeper into the solid wood. The adults 
