410 Report oF THE HorRTICULTURIST OF THE 
become larger and stronger they devour the entire leaf with the 
exception of the midrib and large veins. They also attack the 
flower buds, flowers and fruit. 
About the middle of May the case bearers have become full 
grown and are ready to pupate. They have enlarged their houses 
as their growing bodies demanded until now the cases measure 
about one-fourth of an inch in length. The case-bearers migrate 
to the twigs and attach their homes firmly on end to the bark. 
Before the transformation to the pupa stage takes place the cater- 
pillars turn around in their cases so that their heads are toward 
the upper or curved ends. The pupa stage lasts about two weeks. 
The principal difference in appearance between these two 
species is apparent at this time. The case of the cigar-case- 
bearer is straight and closely resembles a miniature cigar; while, 
as previously stated, that of the pistol-case-bearer slightly re 
sembles an old fashioned pistol. 
The adults of both species are moths measuring about half an 
inch from tip to tip when the wings are spread. The color of 
the former is steel gray, the latter is marked with brown. The 
moths appear during the latter part of May or-early in June. 
The eggs of both species are deposited singly on the under sides 
of the leaves. They hatch in about ten days or two weeks. The 
young caterpillars feed on the tender pulp of the leaf. During 
September they migrate to the smaller branches and twigs, to 
remain until spring. Thus there is but one annual generation. 
Treatment.— For general treatment advocated against these 
insects see page 417. The first treatment is of especial impor- 
tance, the object being to have the buds coated with poison so that 
the first meal of the little caterpillars will be a poisoned one. A 
second application may be made just as the leaves unfold and a 
third if needed. 
CANKER WORMS. 
Although there are several species of canker worms quite com- 
mon to the apple orchards of the State there. are but two species 
