419 Report oF THE HorTICULTURIST OF THE 
moths of the fall canker worm. They will then be in place for 
the earliest moths of the spring species. 
Second, the caterpillars may be successfully combated by spray- 
ing the trees with Paris green or some other equally effective 
arsenical insecticide. See page 417. Two and occasionally three 
applications are usually necessary. Make the first application 
just as the young leaves are unfolding, and the second about a 
week later. 
Regular annual spraying with a good arsenical compound is 
especially important in this case. Orchards thus treated are not 
as likely to become seriously “infested with these and other leaf 
eating insects as the orchards which are sprayed irregularly or 
not at all. 
FRUIT INSECTS. 
CODLING MOTH. 
(Carpocapsa pomonella Linn.) 
Descriptions.— This is the insect that causes “ wormy ” apples. 
The recent investigations of Washburn, Card and Slingerland 
have thrown new light on certain stages of its life-history. It is 
now known that the eggs, which are whitish, oval discs, may be 
laid promiscuously upon the fruit or even upon the twigs and 
leaves. It is probable that they are not laid until after the blos- 
soms have fallen. The period of incubation is about a week. 
According to Slingerland® about 75 per ct. of the caterpillars 
enter the fruit at the blossom end. The caterpillars of the second 
brood often enter on the side of the fruit. They are full grown in 
twenty to thirty days. When once within the fruit they usually 
remain until ready to pupate. The cocoons are made in any con- 
venient, protected place, as under the loose bark of the trunk or 
larger branches of the tree, or in near-by rubbish. Some of the 
caterpillars remain in the cocoons over winter, while others soon . 
transform to the pupa stage forming a more or less complete sec- 
5 Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 142: 21. 
