430 Report oF THE HoRTICULTURIST OF THE 
ples. Within the black pimples are developed the germs of the 
fungus which causes the disease. These germs are given forth and 
washed by rain, or blown by wind, to other leaves or fruit where 
they grow and form new diseased spots. In the fruit it also forms 
circular spots and develops black pimples like those formed on the 
leaves. The diseased fruit withers, turns black, and becomes hard 
and shriveled, clinging to the stems sometimes till the following 
spring. The disease may also attack the green shoots. 
Treatment.— All diseased fruit shoud be taken from the vine- 
yard, since it is capable of spreading the disease the following 
spring. Trimmings from the fruit containing diseased berries 
ought not to be returned to the vineyard in the shape of compost 
as is sometimes practiced, since the diseased berries are lable to 
spread the black rot through the vineyard. 
This disease may be successfully controlled by thorough spray- 
ing if done at the right time. Bordeaux mixture, 1-to-11 formula, 
is used for this purpose. It is prepared as directed in Bulletin 
121. The applications are made as follows: 
I. Just as the pink tips of the first leaves appear. 
II. From ten days to two weeks after the first spraying. 
Ill. Just after the blossoming. 
IV. From ten to fourteen days after the third treatment. 
V. If a fifth treatment is necessary let it follow the fourth after 
an interval of from ten to fourteen days. 
VI. If a later treatment than the fifth is needed, ammoniacal 
solution of copper carbonate should be used; as that it less liable 
to stain the fruit than the Bordeaux mixture. Directions for pre- 
paring it.are given below. 
The number of the treatments should be governed by the weather 
conditions and the severity of the disease. If the vineyard is not 
' badly diseased, and if there is not an excessive amount of hot, wet 
weather, four treatments may be found sufficient for all practical 
purposes. 
The early treatments are extremely important. 
Thorough treatment is essential to success. 
