50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
buds and frequently cutting a circular hole into the latter. The 
pests display a marked fondness for the tender leaves, feeding 
between the veins and producing a series of irregular, somewhat 
linear, skeletonized areas sometimes extending through to the under 
surface of the leaf. This pest was reported in early June as prey- 
alent in Marlboro township and caused considerable damage to 
the flower buds, it being estimated that one-third of the buds were 
destroyed in some berry patches. Usually the damage is nearly 
over before the presence of the insect is realized. 
The most satisfactory method of controlling this species is by 
early and heavy applications of arsenate of lead, using 8 pounds 
of paste to too gallons of water and spraying before the beetles 
have inflicted any material injury. In case there is an unusually 
severe outbreak this spraying may be supplemented with kerosene 
emulsion, 15 per cent kerosene or the standard formula used at 
the rate of 1 gallon to 33 gallons of water, a strength recommended 
by entomologists of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. It 
is quite possible that a tobacco extract, nicotine sulphate, 4o per 
cent nicotine, used at the rate of three-fourths of a pint to roo 
gallons of water to which is added 6 to 8 pounds of any cheap soap, 
would be equally effective 1n destroying the beetles and less likely 
to harm the foliage. 
There have been some unfortunate results following the use of 
an arsenate of lead and sulphur mixture upon raspberry foliage. 
The difficulty may have been due to the character of the preparation 
and, lacking more definite information, we would simply suggest 
caution in the employment of any such material upon berry bushes. 
GRASS AND GRAIN PESTS 
June beetles and white grubs (Ph yllophaga fusca Frohl- 
and others). These insects are more or less common every season 
though during the last decade, at least, there has been a marked 
abundance of the beetles at rather well-defined triennial periods 
followed the next season by injury, sometimes serious, in grasslands 
adjacent to woodlands or near a number of trees. The reason for 
this is due to the fact that the parent beetles feed upon the foliage 
of a variety of trees at night, displaying a marked preference for 
oak, birch, elm and, under certain conditions, maple, and during 
the daytime shelter in nearby grass. The eggs are laid in these 
latter localities among the roots of the grass. The young grubs 
hatch in a few weeks and feed for a time that season, and the 
