40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Specimens of this borer’s work have also been received from Stam- 
ford, Conn., indicating a probable extension from New York north- 
eastward along the sound. 
The insect, in case of a serious infestation of peach, bores into 
practically every tender twig and causes new shoots to push out 
from the lateral buds. These are attacked in turn, resulting in the 
lateral growth producing a much branched and bushy stand. A 
copious flow of gum from the twig ends often follows the attacks of 
the caterpillars. The pest also attacks the fruit, the young cater- 
pillars generally eating through the skin at or near the point of 
attachment of the fruit stem, making its way to the pit as it grows. 
Those entering at the side of the fruit are more likely to eat out 
pockets or cavities in the flesh. 
This pest winters as a full-grown caterpillar in a whitish silken 
cocoon spun in some protected place on the twigs, in cracks under — 
the bark scales on the trunk and branches and even in the soil debris. 
The moths emerge and egg laying commences at the time the shoots 
are well started, since larvae are to be found when the sprouts 
are 6 or 8 inches long. There appear to be two and probably three 
broods each year, larvae of various sizes being found late in the fall. 
Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh). Injuries 
by the apple maggot have been less marked in 1917 than was the 
case during the two preceding seasons. There was in 1916 a very 
serious infestation in the orchard of Edward Van Alstyne of 
Kinderhook, there being at least one tree with too per cent of the 
fruit infested. . 
The experimental work of 1916 was continued and on the appear- 
ance of the flies July r6th the orchard was thoroughly sprayed 
three days later, namely, the 19th, with arsenate of lead at the rate 
of 3 pounds of paste to 50 gallons of water, to which a tobacco extract 
was added (black leaf 40, three-fourths of a pint to 1oo gallons) 
and a standard lime sulphur wash, 1 to 36. The application was at 
least fairly thorough, both the leaves and fruit being well spotted 
with the insecticide. Only three flies were observed the day follow- 
ing on examining eight or ten trees, while three days preceding a 
similar examination disclosed an average of less than 1 upon 7 or 8 
other trees, two being noted upon one. , 
An examination August 2oth showed very few flies either on the 
early apples or the winter varieties. Two or three were about 
all that could be seen to each tree and an examination of the fruit 
indicated much less injury than was the case a year ago. The same 
was true also of nearby winter apples, Baldwins and greenings being 
