HALLAWELL’S CALIFORNIA VEGETABLE SEEDS ARE FRESH AND DEPENDABLE rs 
improve the texture of heavy acid soil apply gypsum to the surface in 
liberal quantity, also organic materials. Cultivate them into the soil. If 
soil has hard-pan beneath, dig deep and break it up. This provides good 
drainage and insures deep rooting. 
HOW TO WATER 
Irrigation is necessary during the growing season. It may be done by 
sprinkling or by furrow. Deep moisture encourages deep rooting and 
sufficient water should be applied to soak down a foot or more. The 
daily ‘shower bath” is not sufficient for plants. Sprinkling by hand is 
not an irrigation. Sprinkle until you are tired, then you may find dry soil 
2 or 3 inches beneath the surface. One good irrigation every week or ten 
days will provide deep moisture and will be sufficient in medium and 
heavy soils. In very hot or windy weather, more moisture may be 
required. 
CULTIVATION 
Irrigate and cultivate. After each irrigation when the surface soil has 
become sufficiently dry, cultivate, leaving a loose mulch of soil on top. 
This prevents crusting and permits air to enter and circulate. Be careful 
not to disturb the roots of plants. Beans and Peas need only a very light 
cultivation, until they begin to set flowers, after which cultivation 
should cease. 
Dahlias should not be cultivated after they begin to bloom. Keep the 
weeds under control. They rob the soil of moisture and fertility. They 
serve a purpose, however, by making it necessary to cultivate. 
THE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD FERTILIZERS 
Fertilizers are very important. The food value of garden vegetables for 
human consumption depends greatly on their mineral content derived 
from +the soil. The vitamin content depends on the vigor of growth and 
the abundance of sunlight. Therefore, the fertilizing of soil is important 
to insure vigorous growth and vitamin-rich vegetables. 
Spade in organic fertilizers when preparing the soil and add top dress- 
ings of chemical fertilizer during the growing season. For root crops, 
potatoes, etc., use fertilizers high in potash and superphosphate. Fer- 
tilizers high in nitrogen stimulate top growth. 
Quick growth is necessary for good quality vegetables. If plants stand 
for a time without growth they begin to mature and will not produce 
satisfactory crops. Infertile soil, too little moisture, or too cold weather 
may arrest growth and then the natural tendency is for the plant to go to 
seed. Water alone is not sufficient to grow a good garden. Plants must 
be fed. And the demands are great—try to visualize your garden soil 
beneath the surface, the network of roots from trees, shrubs, hedge, lawn, 
flowers and other plants, all in search of food—result, the stronger plants 
such as trees and shrubs rob the soil and the small shallow rooting 
plants starve. 
SOWING SEEDS ; 
If seeds are sown in freshly turned, moist soil, there may be sufficient 
moisture to sprout them without sprinkling. If the soil dries, however, 
sprinkle carefully, but thoroughly. Seeds germinate more quickly if the 
soil is firmed to them at the time of planting. Carrots and parsley and 
larkspur seeds are slow to sprout and should be kept thoroughly moist. 
Do not expect satisfactory results from seeds sown broadcast without any 
soil preparation. Gardening is not that simple. Very small seeds are 
best sown in flats as illustrated on this page and plants should be trans- 
planted to the garden while they are small. Most plants are benefitted 
by transplanting, for it tends to increase the root system. This is espe- 
cially true of pansies and violas. It is not difficult to start small seeds 
but it does require some preparation and a little patience. By growing 
your own plants you have a greater choice of variety and color. Save 
your empty packets, or label your plants, so you will know the name and 
variety to plant next time. 
FLOWERS 
No finer morale builder than freshly cut flowers from your own garden. 
Plant flowers for borders, and where vegetables may not thrive. Cine- 
rarias, for example, grow in total shade and have a long, colorful bloom- 
ing season. Aquilegias, or columbines, thrive under trees, where a little 
sun filters through. Sweet peas may be grown on a fence or trellised. 
The monthly planting calendar in this Catalog will guide you to sow 
flower seeds at the proper time. In the San Francisco Bay Area you can 
have flowers in the garden twelve months in the year. Learn to grow 
your own plants. It’s easy from Hallawell’s fresh dependable seeds. 
And we can easily send them to you by mail. 

SPADING THE SOIL ~This operation * RAKING SOIL 
may be done as soon as the 
round is workable in dpe 
\ or fall and allowed ta lie idle 
) until spring. Turn over soil, 
break clods, remove sticks, 
stones, and perennial weed 







roots. 
Push fork Use a heavy siee! 
aystraight down ‘tyne rake.tTear 
down lumps to 
makeasmooth 
surface 
aps tull depth. 



Manure 
rf 





~ ertilfzer 
a 
a ee 
Walk ona 
board when 
Sow mq seed. ( 
Make a V~ 
shaped qroove 1 
for seed 
oe 
Ze Two methods 
of sowing seed (4) wee 
; tapping packet (2) 

rubbing a pinch of ee 
seed between Fingers. 
5 Pointed 
Stick -w— 
SOIL, LEVEL 
SATE RT aaa Endive: a en ee site 
eget Girt gover ~ en Parsley— Gs Tomate. «© Pepper — @ 
ees 
peed 
Se ee 
2 = CpRadish Pa Swiss Chard 
—— -? + — == @ Cabbage 
SiS ieee 

x 
Watermejon 
ay 
Squash 
Com 
START SEEDLINGS IN POTS 
Fill a 5 or 6 inch red clay pot with 1 inch 
of peat or leaf mold in the bottom, then 
good loam to within 1 inch of the top. 
Broadcast the seeds of annuals (stocks, 
snapdragons, etc.) on top; press the seeds 
into the soil; shake a little fine sand on 
top. Set the pot in a vessel of water, sub- 
merging it about two-thirds. When the 
moisture has reached the surface, remove 
the pot and keep in a cool place until the 
seeds sprout. Water as often as is neces- 
sary by again placing the pot in a vessel 
of water. When the plants are about 3 
inches high, tap the ball of earth out of the 
pot, and transplant the plants to the 
garden. 

