erial. It is to be hoped that in time a strain of early- 
flower plants will be found. Those who are willing to 
make shelters for varieties which bloom too late to es- 
cape frosts have devised various temporary shelters 
of cloth or sash which give fairly adequate protection. 
VARIETIES 
The choice of varieties for the garden is a difficult 
matter, because each person has a personal preference 
to be considered. In addition the chrysanthemum, 
having become a flower of the specialist, is exhibited 
in dozens of new forms each year, some of which sur- 
vive the test of distribution, while others are dropped 
after one season, thus making the chosen list of any 
date more or less useless after a very few seasons. 
TYPES OF BLOOMS 
Certain types of blooms should be known to all grow- 
ers and gardeners, the final choice of varieties from 
these being safely left to the individual. 
The early flowering and decorative varieties are not 
so much grown by amateur gardeners as they well 
might be. They flower as freely as the pompom varie- 
ties and produce blooms of considerable size and a de- 
lightful range of shapes and colors. 
With the early-flowering sorts should be grown some 
of the anemone flowered varieties. They are delight- 
ful chrysanthemums, much like single or semidouble 
ones, except that the florets of the yellow disks devel- 
op a more petal-like substance. All are likely to be ra- 
ther late flowering and should be given a sheltered 
location. 
The single varieties however are beautiful flowers for 
the home gardener and in the opinion of the writer 
are the very best for cut flowers for the home as well 
as for garden decorations. Their number is legion, and 
the variations of color, form, and degree of singleness 
are so many that an extensive collection might well 
include only single sorts. 
INSECT ENEMIES 
The aphid in its several forms, black, green, and red, 
finds the chrysanthemum a favorite feeding place and 
the Careful gardener must be constantly prepared to 
apply contact insecticides to prevent the aphids from 
multiplying tosuch numbers that the plants are check- 
ed in their development. Two thorough applications 
will check each attack, one killing the larger part of 
the infestation and the second catching any which es- 
caped the first application. 
The aphids may often be knocked off by a strong 
stream of water from a hose where available and this 
treatment, frequently given, is often all that is neces- 
sary to keep them in check 
Additional information regarding chrysanthemums 
will be given upon request. 
CASCADE VARIETIES 
The cascade Chrysanthemums are becoming the fav- 
ored queen of Autumn flowers. A few words on the 
culture of these beautiful flowers, which may be ob- 
tained from seeds. 
It is very easily grown and makes a wonderful sub- 
ject for cutting and pot work, either as a bushplant or, 
as the name suggests, for decorating, falling as it does 
in cascades of beautiful flowers. 
In preparing the soil for seeds which should be sown 
in February or March, equal parts of garden soil, 
leafmold and sharp sand make an admirable mixture. 
It is sufficiently porous, so that the seedlings will grow 
freely. 
Fill pans or pots within three-quarters of an inch of 
the top, using broken crocks or ashes to insure correct 
drainage, sifting the soil to make an even surface for 
sowing the seed. Water the receptacles and allow to 
stand one day, then sow the seeds and cover lightly. 
When seedlings show the fourth leaf, prick out into 
small pots, using any good fresh soil, the following 
mixture preferable: one part loam, one-quarter part 
rotted manure, one-sixteenth part sand. As plants con- 
tinue to grow, increase the size of the pots and also 
add to the above mixture one-fiftieth part of bone 
meal. 
To oblain upright specimen pot plants, the young 
plants, (when about four inches tall) should be pinch- 
ed back until the second week in July, to furnish a 
well shaped plant. 
For the cascade specimens, the young plants must be 
kept tied down to a stick placed in the pot at an angle 
of 45 degrees and the point of the stick to point to the 
North until the middle of August. All laterals are 
kept pinched back and when the buds are perfectly 
formed the stick is removed and the plant is allowed 
to hang over the side of the pot. After this time the 
growths are faced to the South. This will insure per- 
fect raceme of flowers. 
While the behavior of varieties vary under this treat- 
ment, success with the above suggestions has been 
q. Fred Piper 
LIVINGSTON, NEW JERSEY 
fairly uniform. 

