492 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
Calandrella brachydactyla dukhunensis (SyKES). Rufous Short-ioed Lark. 
Alaudula dukhunensis SyKES: Proc. Comm. Sci. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, 1832, 93 (“Stony plains 
of Dukhun.’’) 
This retiring little lark was seen only in the plain of the Wei-ho and in the northern 
part of the Ts’in-lings, but there it is common wherever there are cultivated fields. When 
alarmed the bird squats upon the ground or skulks through the short grass rather than 
take wing. 
Specimen No. 6041. Collected April 13, 1904, ina wheat-field near Chéu-chi-hién, Shen-si. 
Specimen No. 6052. Collected April 23, 1904, in a cultivated field on a mountain spur 
(elevation 3,000 feet, 900 meters), near Liu-yiié-ho, Shen-si. 
Galerita cristata leautungensis (SWINHOE). Long-billed Crested Lark. 
Alauda leautungensis SWINHOE: Ibis, 1861, 256 (Talien Bay, Liau-tung province, China), 
Few birds are more characteristic of the plains of northern China than this species. 
It winters in southern Manchuria and the northern tier of the eighteen provinces, taking 
the place occupied in the United States by our familiar shore-larks (Otocoris). In April 
after leaving the valley of the Wei-ho on our journey southward, we saw no more of this 
species. Although common upon the plains, it evinces a preference for hilly or even moun- 
tainous country, and in Shan-tung one meets small companies of them even on the 
summits of the highest peaks. A crested lark is occasionally seen in cages in the villages, 
but as a singer it is inferior to the succeeding species. 
Specimen No. 6002. Collected October 20, on the mountain west of Ch’au-mi-tién, 
Shan-tung. 
Melanocorypha mongolica (PALLAS). Mongolian Sand-lark. 
Alauda mongolica PALLAS: Reise Russ. Reichs, 111, 1776, 697 (between the rivers Onon and 
Argun in Dauria). 
We saw this bird only in captivity, and in that condition it is one of the commonest 
birds in northern China, being the variety most popular with the village shop-keepers. It 
becomes very tame and apparently contented in its cage life, and at times shows a decidedly 
playful disposition. The Chinese call the bird ‘‘Pai-ling.” 
MOTACILLIDE. 
Numerous species of this family, and particularly of the genus Motacilla, are found 
in various parts of China and Manchuria at different seasons of the year. Their variations 
are so complex that it is unsafe to attempt to identify birds of this genus in the field. We 
shall, therefore, mention only the varieties of which specimens were collected. 
Motacilla ocularis SWINHOE. Swinhoe’s Wagtail. 
Motacilla ocularis SWINHOE: Ibis, 1860, 55 (Amoy, China). 
This species was fairly common in the late autumn, along the mountain streams in 
central Shan-tung, but was not seen elsewhere in the empire. 
Specimen No. 6010. Collected November 3, 1904, at Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung. 
Motacilla alba baikalensis (SWINHOE). Bazkal Wagtail. 
Motacilla batkalensts SWINHOE: Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, 363 (Baikal region). 
The Baikal wagtail is abundant during the spring in northwestern China. It made 
its appearance in southern Shan-si about the middle of March, and continued to be common 
all along the road until we reached the Yang-tziin June. This species nests in southern 
Shen-si, as well as in Siberia. During March and April the birds congregate in loose flocks 
along the gravelly river-beds of the Wei valley, but later they distribute themselves in 
pairs along the mountain streams. In these places, early in May, the young of the year 
were observed following their parents. 
Specimen No. 6037. Collected April 8, 1904, at Chéu-chi-hién, Shen-si. 
