512 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
to represent, or supplant, the standard or established pronunciation of 
the Mandarin language.’’* 
The following examples representing syllables familiar to students of 
Chinese geography or history will illustrate the difference in the standard 
spelling which has been sanctioned by tradition and the Peking ortho- 
graphy: 
Standard Mandarin. Peking Dialect (Wade). 
REG TI VOE 2 oon tie 6 tele aa Ve eee chiang 
LLL Pe 10) (+ My ane y Cum A AER mR nue cent Wu cu feds radon. chin 
ie te, name ol A yuasty an eee eh eee Chin 
Riese, capital cp. ccssan? aseats tee ae re ree ching 
Rita, Dees sve h ele ea eee oh der ch’iao 
kia; family ey ok Cy es Cas eee ae ee chia 
Ktén-lung, Emperor's name...) 66.05. se Ch’ ien-lung 
Kia-k’ ing, Me eer ee Chia-ch’ ing 
FK’ang-hi, ¥ pe eS ar anien ore Be nen Rang-hsi 
SE WeBE 27 ade Soe ela sk oe a pine en nT Asi 
RtéM, O GIStTiCt oo o2 Gs Bcc a ee Asien 
pastes, the Bight aires. 020) ee ae pa-hsien 
Aiau; filial? .3 2 ae tne aa eee eee Astao 
stau.omall. .ifisst% Satie ee. See ee ee hstao 
Kiu.kiang (Kewkeang) cits. sy anc ott. ee Chiu-chiang 
In making use of the spelling shown in the subjoined Syllabary, Wil- 
liams’ ‘‘Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language’’ may serve as a 
key. By looking up in it the Chinese characters to be transcribed the 
sound appearing in column I (Williams) may be ascertained, while columns 
II and III contain my own and Wade’s equivalents. Readers need not 
trouble too much about the pronunciation of these syllables, which should 
be looked upon as mere symbols for certain sound groups to which the 
characters to be transcribed belong. The phonetic principles on which 
the several sounds are here described correspond in spirit to those adopted 
by the Royal Geographical Society of London} and the United States 
Board on Geographical names.{ The ‘“‘Instructions’’ here inserted have 
been made to correspond as much as possible to the English and American 
standards referred to. 
* See Professor Schlegel’s paper, ‘‘On the extended use of the Peking system of orthography for 
the Chinese language’ (published in T’owng pao, vol. vI, p. 499 seqq., Leiden, 1896), reproducing Mr. 
W. F. Mayers’ remarks, who, being himself a prominent speaker of the Peking dialect, warns against 
its use for literary purposes. 
t See ‘‘Rules for the Orthography of Geographical Names,’’ published by the Council of the Royal 
Geographical Society on December 11, 1891. 
t See ‘‘Second Report of the United States Board on Geographical Names,’ 1890-1899. Second 
edition, Washington, March, 1901. 
