50 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
It is to be anticipated that the Man-t’o shale Redlichia fauna will be 
found at other localities in eastern China, but at the present writing the 
nearest locality is in southern China near Yun-nan [Mansuy, 1913. In 
press], about 1,300 miles (2,100 km.) to the southwest. At this locality 
Redlichia chinensis occurs in a shale and associated with it a new genus of 
trilobites allied to A graulos named Paleolenus by Mansuy. 
An interval of about 1,700 miles (2,700 km.) occurs between the Yun-nan 
locality of Redlichia and its occurrence in northern India in Spiti as the 
closely allied species R. noetlingi.' 
In Western Australia Redlichia occurs in the Kimberley district. It was 
published as Olenellus ? forresti [Etheridge, Jr., Mss.] by Arthur H. Foord.’ 
In South Australia a very good specimen of the central portions of the 
cephalon is mentioned as Olenellus sp., by R. Etheridge, Jr.’ 
The distribution of Redlichia, of the R. noetling: form, serves to demon- 
strate that the transgressing Lower Cambrian sea that contained the Red- 
lichia fauna was confined to eastern and southeastern China and northern 
India. The presence of Redlichia-like trilobites in southern and western 
Australia indicates that there was direct connection between the Punjab 
Lower Cambrian sea of India and the shallow seas about the Australian area. 
There is no record pointing to a connection between the Punjab—Man-t’o 
sea and the Lower Cambrian seas of northern Siberia, or western North 
America. 
Middle Cambrian Fauna.—vThe lower portion of the Middle Cambrian 
section and its contained fauna show that a marked change took place at the 
close of the Man-t’o shale epoch. Willis concludes that aridity and severe 
cold were conditions of the climate during Man-t’o shale time; that life was 
abundant elsewhere and with the changing of climate it developed rapidly 
in the seas following the Man-t’o [Willis, 1907, p. 40]. Of the rocks of the 
Kiu-lung group following the Man-t’o, he says: 
Middle Sinian, Kiu-lung group.—The Kiu-lung group of Shan-tung is a succession of 
limestones and shales which immediately follows the Man-t’o formation. ‘Transition beds 
connect the two. Shale is a common rock in both, but in the Man-t’o it is red, whereas in 
the Kiu-lung it is green. Limestone is thin-bedded and subordinate in the former, in the 
latter it is usually massive and predominant. ‘The Man-t’o contains a sparse Middle or 
Lower Cambrian fauna in its upper portion; the Kiu-lung carries very abundant faunas, 
which range from Middle Cambrian at the base to Upper Cambrian and possibly to lowest 
Ordovician at the top. 
The known distribution of the limestones and shales and their contained 
faunas of the Middle Cambrian is outlined by Willis, also the area in which 
they are supposed to occur [1907, vol. 11, plate 4]. The known distribution 
from Manchuria on the northeast to central China, and west into northern 

*Mem. Geol. Surv. India, n. ser., vol. 1, 1901, p. 2; also Idem., series xv, vol. vir, No. 1, IQIO, p. 7. 
?Geol. Mag., London, Dec. III, vol. vu, 1890, p. 199, plate rv, figs. 2, 2a-. 
’ Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia, vol. xx1x, 1905, plate xxv, fig. 1. (See Tate, vol. 15, 1892, plate 2, p. 183.) 
