60 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
Formation and Locality—Middle Cambrian: (C1) Lower shale member of 
the Kiu-lung group [Blackwelder, 1907a, pp. 37 and 4o (part of the third list of 
fossils), and fig. 10 (bed 4), p. 38], 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Yen-chuang, Sin-t’ai 
district, Shan-tung, China. 
Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 
Also, Fu-chou series (85q), about 200 feet (61 m.) above the white quartzite 
[see Blackwelder, 1907), p. 92, for general stratigraphic relations], and (35n), lime- 
stones near the base of the series just above the white quartzite [see idem]; col- 
lected in a low bluff on the shore of Tschang-hsing-tau Island, east of Niang-niang- 
kung, Liau-tung, Manchuria, China. 
Collected by J. P. Iddings and Li San. 
Protospongia sp. undt. 
Plate 1, Figure 4. 
The species is represented by spicules the four branches of which are nearly on 
the same plane and meet in the center at right angles. The branches are round, 
very slender, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. in diameter, and scarcely increase in size from their 
base to the end, as now known. 
Formation and Locality.—Middle Cambrian: (85n) Fu-chdéu series; limestones 
near the base of the series just above the white quartzite [see Blackwelder, 1907), 
p. 92, for general section giving stratigraphic relations]; collected in a low bluff 
on the shore of Tschang-hsing-tau Island, east of Niang-niang-kung, Liau-tung, Man- 
churia, China. 
Collected by J. P. Iddings and Li San. 
ANTHOZOA. 
Genus COSCINOCYATHUS Bornemann. 
Coscinocyathus BORNEMANN, 1884, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., vol. XxxXVI, p. 704. 
Coscinocyathus elvira Walcott. 
Plate 1, Figures 3, 3a—c. 
Coscinocyathus eluira WALCOTT, 1906, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxx, p. 566. (Described and dis- 
cussed as a new species, essentially as below.) 
This species is represented by one small cup, a fragment of the interior wall 
of a larger cup, a thin section showing a portion of the wall, and a diagonally 
transverse section near the base of the cup. The cup has a height of 3 mm. anda 
diameter of 3 mm. at the aperture. The exterior surface appears smooth under a 
lens of moderate power, but with a strong lens it is found to be perforated by minute 
pores; the interior surface is marked by arching ridges, radiating from the base 
toward the outer edge, connected by transverse ridges, between which rounded pits 
occur. A diagonally transverse thin section shows the system of ridges described 
and the openings between them. The same section cuts across near the base of a 
cup. In this the calcite is so crystallized that no definite structure, with the excep- 
tion of a few traces of septa extending from the inner wall to the outer wall, can be 
distinguished. 
The specimen illustrating the interior wall, as shown by figure 3a, indicates a cup 
that expanded much more rapidly than the cup illustrated by figure 3. It may be 
that a second species is indicated by this, but with the material available for study 
it does not appear best to attempt to distinguish them by applying distinct names. 
