
Mar. 1899. Tue Ores or CoLtompia—NICHOLs. 163 
vein itself continued. It can now be stated definitely that the mines 
of Santana have penetrated to the underlying crystalline rocks, for 
besides the statement by Humboldt that the deposits of Santana form 
a bed in gneiss, there are among the specimens from the mines of the 
various Mariquita districts a slate, a gneiss, a mica schist and a lime- 
stone, showing that the mines are now below thelava. The ores con- 
sist of pyrite, galena and blende in quartz. The wall rock is given by 
Sefior Gamba as schist, associated with granite and “ porphyry.”’ 
One of the ancient mines, now long abandoned, is described in 
an old report* as an 18-inch vein of quartz with a dip of 45 degrees 
carrying native silver. Included in the Santana mining district are 
the mines of the neighboring town of Guayabal, a place of 5,000 
inhabitants, about five miles southeast of Santana in the Sabanadija 
valley. . 
From the Santana district Senor Gamba collected the following 
twelve specimens: 
«¢ 337. Granite from the road from Sucre to Santana.” 
*¢ 338. Porphyry from near Santana.’’ 
<¢339. [E 1123.] Quartz and pyrite, ore from Santana.”’ 
The black chlorite schist that appears to be common in these 
ores accompanies this specimen. 
.*€340. [E 1124.] Quartz and pyrite, ore from Santana.’’ 
Galena and blende occur with these minerals. 
‘©34r. Galena and pyrite from Santana.” 
‘342. Pyrite on quartz from Santana.’’ 
6343, Pyrite on quartz from Santana.”’ 
‘344. Schist from the wall rock of the Calamonte mine, Guay- 
abal.”’ 
*¢345. Pyrites and galena from the Calamonte mine, Guayabal.’’ 
*¢346,. Pyrites and galena from the Calamonte mine, Guayabal.” 
‘© 347. Pyrite, galena and blende, schesderz from the Calamonte 
mine, Guayabal.”’ 
‘¢348. Ordinary quartzose ore from the Calamonte mine, Guay- 
abal.” 
THE FRIAS MINE. 
The Frias mine of Guayabal near Santana is one of those which 
were worked by the Spaniards in the 17th century. At that time it 
had a great reputation, ranking with the Santana and the La Manta, 
* Don Jose D’Eluyar, 1785. 
