128 FIELD COLUMBIAN MusEUM—GEOLOGY, VOL. II. 
the lower border of the anterior cup; parapophyses [i. e., exapophyses| are 
less produced. The lower surface of the centrum is flattened and quad- 
rate in form. ‘The parapophysis, diapophysis and rudimental rib coalesce 
around the vertebrarterial canal; an oblique ridge is continued from the 
anterior zygapophysis downward and outward upcn the pleurapophysis 
and behind the zy gapophysis. Above these developments the neural arch 
contracts from before backward to an extent of five lines, compared with 
a total vertebral breadth anteriorly of one inch, eight lines; it then rapidly 
expands, rising vertically at its fore part, and developing at its back 
part the posterior zygapophysis, the articular facets of which look more 
directly outward than in the long cervical vertebre; the superincumbent 
tubercle is more distinct from the facet; the posterior zygapophyses are 
also much more approximated than in those vertebre.” 
It would seem evident from this description, which applies in the main 
to the corresponding vertebra of the Kansas forms, that the eighth post- 
cranial vertebra is really a cervical. Certainly we can hardly put a 
vertebra with rudimentary ribs at the beginning of the dorsal series! 
Owen afterwards ascribed eight vertebree to the neck, or seven, counting 
the united axis and atlas as one. Quenstedt, also, in 1855, gave the num- 
ber as eight. O, Fraas (Paleontographica, 1878, p. 166) found eight 
vertebree in the neck of Prerodactylus suevicus, but mistook the third for 
the axis, thus counting only seven. 
In my earliest paper* on /Vyctosaurus I said: ‘The centra of twelve 
vertebrz are preserved from the region back of the neck. ‘Three of these 
are evidently anterior thoracic, judging from their structure and the posi- 
tion in which they lie. The shortest of them, to which was attached a 
very large rib, and which was lying in front of the scapula, may represent 
the first thoracic vertebra.” This specimen I have figured in Pl. XLIII, 
Fig. 7, of the present paper. The specimen is fortunately preserved with 
little or no distortion, though a part of the spine is wanting. As seen 
from the front (the view figured), the transverse, shallowly concave cup is 
straight or gently concave on its upper margin, and convex below. Aris- 
ing from the front end of the centrum there is, on each side, a very stout 
parapophysis, with which the head of the rib referred to was in apposi- 
tion. On the anterior side of this process, and continuous, or nearly so, 
with the outer side of the cup, there is an oval, convex articular surface 
for union with the exapophysis. Above this process, separated by a 
notch, there is a long, flattened diapophysis, for articulation with the 
well-developed tubercle of the rib. The anterior zygapophyses are much 
more approximated than in the long cervical verterbree. Their articular 
*Kansas University Quarterly, vol. i, p. 9. 
