ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF NYCTOSAURUS. 157 
the present specimen of /Vyctosaurus, I believe that this number will be 
found common to all the Kansas pterodactyls. I think that Marsh must 
have been in error in ascribing but five to the sacrum. Should he, how- 
ever, be correct I would suggest the name JW. /eptodactylus for the present 
species. 
In view of the foregoing I offer the following as the synonymy of 
this genus and species : 
NYCTOSAURUS. 
Siarmene mer, JOUrn. sci., xil, p. 480, Dec., 1876. Vyctodactylus 
Digtsts mer. JOU. SCi., XXii, -p. 343, April, 1881; ibid., xxvii, p. 423, 
May, 1884. Williston, Kans. Univ. Quart., i, p. 2, 5, 1893; Journ. Anat- 
omy, i, p. 297, 1902; Journ. Geology, x, p. 520, July—-Aug. 1902. 
NYCTOSAURUS GRACILIS. 
Pteranodon gracilis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., xi, p. 508, June, 1876. 
LVyctosaurus gracilis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci. xii, p. 480, Dec. 1876. 
Nyctodactylus gracilis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci. xxi, p. 343, April, 
1881; Williston, Kans. Univ. Quart., i, p. ii, 1893; Zittel’s Paleontology 
(Eastman), vol. ii, p. 255, Fig. 361, 1902. 
(2?) Preranodon comptus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci. xi, 508, Uk: 1876; 
Williston, Kans. Univ. Quart. i, p. 11, June, 1893. 
(2?) Pteranodon nanus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., April, 1881, p. 343; 
Williston, Kans. Univ. Quart. i, p. 11, June, 1893. 
Of the remaining species of Kansas pterodactyls, six have been 
described, two of which, P. umérosus and P. harpyia Cope, are admittedly 
identical with previously described forms, leaving zwgens, occidentals, velox, 
and /ongiceps Marsh. No real attempt was made to separate P. dongt- 
ceps from those previously named, nor could there have been, since only 
the skull was known in this species to the describer, while the skull was 
not known in either of the other species. It may be identical with 
either occtdentalis or velox, possibly with both. The characters given by 
Marsh to distinguish the species have little value, though I believe there 
,are three distinct ones of the genus, known from the Kansas chalk. 
Two of these species are at once distinguishable by the structure of the 
humerus, especially of its radial or lateralcrest. In /. zgens this crest 
is rounded and obtuse; in one or the other of the smaller forms it is more 
elongate and of a different shape. Furthermore, among the smaller 
specimens there appear to be two different types of terminal wing pha- 
lange, one nearly straight and the other curved falciform, as in P. zmgens. 
If the smaller form with the curved phalange should prove not to be the 
